A prospective longitudinal study of health-related quality of life and psychological wellbeing after an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in patients with genetic heart diseases

BACKGROUND: Genetic heart diseases (GHDs) can be clinically heterogeneous and pose an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is a lifesaving therapy. Impacts on prospective and long-term psychological and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) after ICD implant in patients with GHDs are unknown. OBJECTIVES: Investigate the psychological functioning and HR-QoL over time in patients with GHDs who receive an ICD, and identify risk factors for poor psychological functioning and HR-QoL. METHODS: A longitudinal, prospective study design was used. Patients attending a specialized clinic, diagnosed with a GHD for which they received an ICD between May 2012 and January 2015, were eligible. Baseline surveys were completed prior to ICD implantation with 5-year follow-up after ICD implant. We measured psychological functioning (Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Florida Shock Anxiety Scale), HR-QoL (Short-Form 36v2), and device acceptance (Florida Patient Acceptance Scale). RESULTS: Forty patients were included (mean age 46.3 ± 14.2 years; 65.0% male). Mean psychological and HR-QoL measures were within normative ranges during follow-up. After 12 months, 33.3% and 19.4% of participants showed clinically elevated levels of anxiety and depression, respectively. Longitudinal mixed-effect analysis showed significant improvements from baseline to first follow-up for the overall cohort, with variability increasing after 36 months. Nontertiary education and female sex predicted worse mental HR-QoL and anxiety over time, while comorbidities predicted depression and worse physical HR-QoL. CONCLUSION: While the majority of patients with a GHD adjust well to their ICD implant, a subset of patients experience poor psychological and HR-QoL outcomes.