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A TiO(2) composite with graphitic carbon nitride as a photocatalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil

Semiconductor-based photocatalysts have attracted a lot of interest due to their environmental friendliness and high stability. Waste cooking oil can be converted to biodiesel by the process of transesterification. A TiO(2)/g-C(3)N(4) combination was prepared by using a wet impregnation process. The...

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Autores principales: Khan, Mahrukh, Farah, Humera, Iqbal, Naseem, Noor, Tayyaba, Amjad, M. Zain Bin, Ejaz Bukhari, Syeda Sidrah
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9043783/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35496397
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra07796a
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author Khan, Mahrukh
Farah, Humera
Iqbal, Naseem
Noor, Tayyaba
Amjad, M. Zain Bin
Ejaz Bukhari, Syeda Sidrah
author_facet Khan, Mahrukh
Farah, Humera
Iqbal, Naseem
Noor, Tayyaba
Amjad, M. Zain Bin
Ejaz Bukhari, Syeda Sidrah
author_sort Khan, Mahrukh
collection PubMed
description Semiconductor-based photocatalysts have attracted a lot of interest due to their environmental friendliness and high stability. Waste cooking oil can be converted to biodiesel by the process of transesterification. A TiO(2)/g-C(3)N(4) combination was prepared by using a wet impregnation process. The photocatalyst was analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis). For effective transesterification, WCO was collected and acid-esterified to reduce the FFA concentration (below 3%). For the transesterification reaction, esterified WCO was used and the reactions were carried out under solar irradiation at 60 °C with an oil to methanol ratio of 1 : 9 and stirred for 1 hour, using different TiO(2)/g-C(3)N(4) catalysts (10, 20 & 30%) with different catalyst concentrations of 1%, 2% and 3%. The results showed that TiO(2)/20% g-C(3)N(4) with 2% catalyst concentration gives the highest yield of biodiesel production (89.5%) as compared to other catalyst concentrations used. In addition to (FTIR), additional fuel characteristics such as density, viscosity, flashpoint, acid value, and pH were tested to determine the quality of the generated biodiesel and were found to comply with fuel standards. With high stability and good catalytic activity, the synthesized composite TiO(2)/g-C(3)N(4) is a viable option for producing biodiesel from WCO.
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spelling pubmed-90437832022-04-28 A TiO(2) composite with graphitic carbon nitride as a photocatalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil Khan, Mahrukh Farah, Humera Iqbal, Naseem Noor, Tayyaba Amjad, M. Zain Bin Ejaz Bukhari, Syeda Sidrah RSC Adv Chemistry Semiconductor-based photocatalysts have attracted a lot of interest due to their environmental friendliness and high stability. Waste cooking oil can be converted to biodiesel by the process of transesterification. A TiO(2)/g-C(3)N(4) combination was prepared by using a wet impregnation process. The photocatalyst was analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis). For effective transesterification, WCO was collected and acid-esterified to reduce the FFA concentration (below 3%). For the transesterification reaction, esterified WCO was used and the reactions were carried out under solar irradiation at 60 °C with an oil to methanol ratio of 1 : 9 and stirred for 1 hour, using different TiO(2)/g-C(3)N(4) catalysts (10, 20 & 30%) with different catalyst concentrations of 1%, 2% and 3%. The results showed that TiO(2)/20% g-C(3)N(4) with 2% catalyst concentration gives the highest yield of biodiesel production (89.5%) as compared to other catalyst concentrations used. In addition to (FTIR), additional fuel characteristics such as density, viscosity, flashpoint, acid value, and pH were tested to determine the quality of the generated biodiesel and were found to comply with fuel standards. With high stability and good catalytic activity, the synthesized composite TiO(2)/g-C(3)N(4) is a viable option for producing biodiesel from WCO. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021-11-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9043783/ /pubmed/35496397 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra07796a Text en This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
spellingShingle Chemistry
Khan, Mahrukh
Farah, Humera
Iqbal, Naseem
Noor, Tayyaba
Amjad, M. Zain Bin
Ejaz Bukhari, Syeda Sidrah
A TiO(2) composite with graphitic carbon nitride as a photocatalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil
title A TiO(2) composite with graphitic carbon nitride as a photocatalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil
title_full A TiO(2) composite with graphitic carbon nitride as a photocatalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil
title_fullStr A TiO(2) composite with graphitic carbon nitride as a photocatalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil
title_full_unstemmed A TiO(2) composite with graphitic carbon nitride as a photocatalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil
title_short A TiO(2) composite with graphitic carbon nitride as a photocatalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil
title_sort tio(2) composite with graphitic carbon nitride as a photocatalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil
topic Chemistry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9043783/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35496397
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra07796a
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