Design and development of smart Internet of Things–based solid waste management system using computer vision

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management currently requires critical attention in ensuring the best principles of socio-economic attributes such as environmental protection, economic sustainability, and mitigation of human health problems. Numerous surveys on the waste management system reveal that approximately 90% of the MSW systems are improperly disposing the wastages in open dumps and landfills. Classifying the wastages into biodegradable and non-biodegradable helps converting them into usable energy and disposing properly. The advancements of effective computational approaches like artificial intelligence and image processing provide wide range of solutions for the present problem identified in MSW management. The computational approaches can be programmed to classify wastes that help to convert them into usable energy. Existing methods of waste classification in MSW remain unresolved due to poor accuracy and higher error rate. This paper presents an experimented effective computer vision–based MSW management solution with the help of the Internet of Things (IoT), and machine learning (ML) techniques namely regression, classification, clustering, and correlation rules for the perception of solid waste images. A ground-up built convolutional neural network (CNN) and CNN by the inception of ResNet V2 models trained through transfer learning for image classification. ResNet V2 supports training large datasets in deep neural networks to achieve improved accuracy and reduced error rate in identity mapping. In addition, batch normalization and mixed hybrid pooling techniques are incorporated in CNN to improve stability and yield state of art performance. The proposed model identifies the type of waste and classifies them as biodegradable or non-biodegradable to collect in respective waste bins precisely. Furthermore, observation of performance metrics, accuracy, and loss ensures the effective functions of the proposed model compared to other existing models. The proposed ResNet-based CNN performs waste classification with 19.08% higher accuracy and 34.97% lower loss than the performance metrics of other existing models.