Activation of A(2B) adenosine receptor protects against demyelination in a mouse model of schizophrenia

The purpose of the present study was to explore the effects of A(2B) adenosine receptor (A(2B)AR) on learning, memory and demyelination in a dizocilpine maleate (MK-801)-induced mouse model of schizophrenia (SCZ). BAY 60-6583, an agonist of A(2B)AR, or PSB 603, an antagonist of A(2B)AR, was used to treat SCZ in this model. The Morris Water Maze (MWM) was utilized to determine changes in cognitive function. Moreover, western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were conducted to investigate the myelination and oligodendrocyte (OL) alterations at differentiation and maturation stages. The MWM results showed that learning and memory were impaired in SCZ mice, while subsequent treatment with BAY 60-6583 alleviated these impairments. In addition, western blot analysis revealed that myelin basic protein (MBP) and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan 4 (NG2) expression levels were significantly decreased in MK-801-induced mice, while the expression of G protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17) was increased. Additionally, the number of anti-adenomatous polyposis coli clone CC-1/OL transcription factor 2 (CC-1(+)/Olig2(+)) cells was also decreased. Notably, BAY 60-6583 administration could reverse these changes, resulting in a significant increase in MBP and NG2 protein expression, and in the number of CC-1(+)/Olig2(+) cells, while GPR17 protein expression levels were decreased. The present study indicated that the selective activation of A(2B)AR using BAY 60-6583 could improve the impaired learning and memory of SCZ mice, as well as protect the myelin sheath from degeneration by regulating the survival and maturation of OLs.