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Reporting characteristics of journal infographics: a cross-sectional study
BACKGROUND: Infographics have become an increasingly popular method to present research findings and increase the attention research receives. As many scientific journals now use infographics to boost the visibility and uptake of the research they publish, infographics have become an important tool...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9047312/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35477398 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03404-9 |
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author | Ferreira, Giovanni E. Elkins, Mark R. Jones, Caitlin O’Keeffe, Mary Cashin, Aidan G. Becerra, Rosa E. Gamble, Andrew R. Zadro, Joshua R. |
author_facet | Ferreira, Giovanni E. Elkins, Mark R. Jones, Caitlin O’Keeffe, Mary Cashin, Aidan G. Becerra, Rosa E. Gamble, Andrew R. Zadro, Joshua R. |
author_sort | Ferreira, Giovanni E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Infographics have become an increasingly popular method to present research findings and increase the attention research receives. As many scientific journals now use infographics to boost the visibility and uptake of the research they publish, infographics have become an important tool for medical education. It is unknown whether such infographics convey the key characteristics that are needed to make useful interpretations of the data such as an adequate description of the study population, interventions, comparators and outcomes; methodological limitations; and numerical estimates of benefits and harms. This study described whether infographics published in peer-reviewed health and medical research journals contain key characteristics that are needed to make useful interpretations of clinical research. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we identified peer-reviewed journals listed in the top quintile of 35 unique fields of medicine and health research listed in the Journal Citation Reports database. Two researchers screened journals for the presence of infographics. We defined an infographic as a graphical visual representation of research findings. We extracted data from a sample of two of the most recent infographics from each journal. Outcomes were the proportion of infographics that reported key characteristics such as study population, interventions, comparators and outcomes, benefits, harms, effect estimates with measures of precision, between-group differences and conflicts of interest; acknowledged risk of bias, certainty of evidence and study limitations; and based their conclusions on the study’s primary outcome. RESULTS: We included 129 infographics from 69 journals. Most infographics described the population (81%), intervention (96%), comparator (91%) and outcomes (94%), but fewer contained enough information on the population (26%), intervention (45%), comparator (20%) and outcomes (55%) for those components of the study to be understood without referring to the main paper. Risk of bias was acknowledged in only 2% of infographics, and none of the 69 studies that had declared a conflict of interest disclosed it in the infographics. CONCLUSIONS: Most infographics do not report sufficient information to allow readers to interpret study findings, including the study characteristics, results, and sources of bias. Our results can inform initiatives to improve the quality of the information presented in infographics. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12909-022-03404-9. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9047312 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90473122022-04-29 Reporting characteristics of journal infographics: a cross-sectional study Ferreira, Giovanni E. Elkins, Mark R. Jones, Caitlin O’Keeffe, Mary Cashin, Aidan G. Becerra, Rosa E. Gamble, Andrew R. Zadro, Joshua R. BMC Med Educ Research BACKGROUND: Infographics have become an increasingly popular method to present research findings and increase the attention research receives. As many scientific journals now use infographics to boost the visibility and uptake of the research they publish, infographics have become an important tool for medical education. It is unknown whether such infographics convey the key characteristics that are needed to make useful interpretations of the data such as an adequate description of the study population, interventions, comparators and outcomes; methodological limitations; and numerical estimates of benefits and harms. This study described whether infographics published in peer-reviewed health and medical research journals contain key characteristics that are needed to make useful interpretations of clinical research. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we identified peer-reviewed journals listed in the top quintile of 35 unique fields of medicine and health research listed in the Journal Citation Reports database. Two researchers screened journals for the presence of infographics. We defined an infographic as a graphical visual representation of research findings. We extracted data from a sample of two of the most recent infographics from each journal. Outcomes were the proportion of infographics that reported key characteristics such as study population, interventions, comparators and outcomes, benefits, harms, effect estimates with measures of precision, between-group differences and conflicts of interest; acknowledged risk of bias, certainty of evidence and study limitations; and based their conclusions on the study’s primary outcome. RESULTS: We included 129 infographics from 69 journals. Most infographics described the population (81%), intervention (96%), comparator (91%) and outcomes (94%), but fewer contained enough information on the population (26%), intervention (45%), comparator (20%) and outcomes (55%) for those components of the study to be understood without referring to the main paper. Risk of bias was acknowledged in only 2% of infographics, and none of the 69 studies that had declared a conflict of interest disclosed it in the infographics. CONCLUSIONS: Most infographics do not report sufficient information to allow readers to interpret study findings, including the study characteristics, results, and sources of bias. Our results can inform initiatives to improve the quality of the information presented in infographics. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12909-022-03404-9. BioMed Central 2022-04-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9047312/ /pubmed/35477398 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03404-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Ferreira, Giovanni E. Elkins, Mark R. Jones, Caitlin O’Keeffe, Mary Cashin, Aidan G. Becerra, Rosa E. Gamble, Andrew R. Zadro, Joshua R. Reporting characteristics of journal infographics: a cross-sectional study |
title | Reporting characteristics of journal infographics: a cross-sectional study |
title_full | Reporting characteristics of journal infographics: a cross-sectional study |
title_fullStr | Reporting characteristics of journal infographics: a cross-sectional study |
title_full_unstemmed | Reporting characteristics of journal infographics: a cross-sectional study |
title_short | Reporting characteristics of journal infographics: a cross-sectional study |
title_sort | reporting characteristics of journal infographics: a cross-sectional study |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9047312/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35477398 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03404-9 |
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