Enhanced Heterogeneous Fenton Degradation of Organic Pollutants by CRC/Fe(3)O(4) Catalyst at Neutral pH

Fe(3)O(4)-based heterogeneous Fenton catalysts have been widely employed for degrading organic pollutants, however it is challenging to use them in highly efficient and recyclable application in wastewater treatment. In this work, carboxylate-rich carbon (CRC)-modified Fe(3)O(4) magnetic particles are prepared by the sol-gel self-combustion method, where CRC is obtained from the carbonization of sodium gluconate. The CRC/Fe(3)O(4) catalyst exhibits high heterogeneous Fenton degradation performance. The complete 10 mg L(−1) methylene blue (MB) removal is achieved in 180 min under conditions of 10 mM H(2)O(2) and 1.00 g of L(−1) CRC/Fe(3)O(4) at neutral pH. After five cycles, the structure and morphology of CRC/Fe(3)O(4) composites remained unchanged and the catalytic activity also remained unaltered. Moreover, phenol, benzoic acid (BA), sulfamethazine (SMT), and tetracycline (TC) were also degraded in the heterogeneous Fenton reaction using CRC/Fe(3)O(4) as a catalyst. The strong coordinating ability of –COOH/ –COO(–) functionalities of CRC formed strong bonds with Fe(II/III) ions on the surfaces of Fe(3)O(4) particles, which was conducive to adsorption of organic matter on the surface of the catalyst and promoted the occurrence of heterogeneous Fenton reactions. It was found that CRC/Fe(3)O(4) had higher removal rates for the adsorptive exclusions of pollutants, such as TC and MB, whereas there were lower removal rates for phenol, BA, and SMT. This work brings potential insights for development of a novel adsorption-enhanced heterogeneous Fenton reaction for wastewater treatment.