Highly efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells with sequentially dip-coated deposited perovskite layers from a non-halide aqueous lead precursor

High-performance planar heterojunction (PHJ) perovskite solar cells (PrSCs) with MAPbI(3) perovskite films were fabricated using a facile, environmentally benign, efficient and low-cost dip-coating deposition approach on a bilayered ZnO/TiO(2) electron transport system from aqueous non-halide Pb(NO(3))(2). Outstanding performance of PrSCs was achieved due to the PHJ configuration of FTO/TiO(2)/ZnO/MAPbI(3)/spiro-OMeTAD/MoO(3)/Ag. These PHJ PrSCs exhibited better performance and stability with thinner ZnO layers in contrast to those with mesoporous TiO(2) scaffolds, indicating that the thickness of the ZnO layer in the PHJ architecture significantly affected the surface coverage, morphology, crystallinity, and stability of the MAPbI(3) perovskite films processed by dip-coating deposition.