Large interlayer spacing Nb(4)C(3)T(x) (MXene) promotes the ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of Pb(2+) on glassy carbon electrodes

A Nb(4)C(3)T(x) (MXene)-modified glassy carbon electrode was used for the electrochemical detection of Pb(2+) ions in aqueous media. The sensing platform was evaluated by anodic stripping analysis after optimizing the influencing factors such as pH, deposition potential, and time. The large interlayer spacing, high c lattice parameter and higher conductivity of Nb(4)C(3)T(x) compared to other MXenes enhance the electrochemical detection of Pb(2+). The developed sensor can reach a detection limit of 12 nM at a potential ∼−0.6 V. Additionally, the developed sensor showed promising selectivity in the presence of Cu(2+) and Cd(2+), and stability for at least 5 cycles of continuous measurements with good repeatability. This work demonstrates the potential applications of Nb(4)C(3)T(x) towards the development of effective electrochemical sensors.