Magnetic core–shell Fe(3)O(4)@Cu(2)O and Fe(3)O(4)@Cu(2)O–Cu materials as catalysts for aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols assisted by TEMPO and N-methylimidazole

In this work, core–shell Fe(3)O(4)@Cu(2)O and Fe(3)O(4)@Cu(2)O–Cu nanomaterials for aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols are reported with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) and N-methylimidazole (NMI) as the co-catalysts. To anchor Cu(2)O nanoparticles around the magnetic particles under solvothermal conditions, the magnetic material Fe(3)O(4) was modified by grafting a layer of l-lysine (l-Lys) to introduce –NH(2) groups at the surface of the magnetic particles. With amine groups as the anchor, Cu(NO(3))(2) was used to co-precipitate the desired Cu(2)O by using ethylene glycol as the reducing agent. Prolonging the reaction time would lead to over-reduced forms of the magnetic materials in the presence of copper, Fe(3)O(4)@Cu(2)O–Cu. The nanomaterials and its precursors were fully characterized by a variety of spectroscopic techniques. In combination with both TEMPO and NMI, these materials showed excellent catalytic activities in aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols under ambient conditions. For most of the benzylic alcohols, the conversion into aldehydes was nearly quantitative with aldehydes as the sole product. The materials were recyclable and robust. Up to 7 repeat runs, its activity dropped less than 10%. The over-reduced materials, Fe(3)O(4)@Cu(2)O–Cu, exhibited slightly better performance in durability. The magnetic properties allowed easy separation after reaction by simply applying an external magnet.