Optical optimization of double-side-textured monolithic perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells for improved light management

Tandem configuration-containing perovskite and silicon solar cells are promising candidates for realizing a high power conversion efficiency of 30% at reasonable costs. Silicon solar cells with planar front surfaces used in tandem devices cause high optical losses, which significantly affects their efficiency. Moreover, some studies have explored the fabrication of perovskites on textured silicon cells. However, due to improper texturing, light trapping is not ideal in these devices, which reduces the efficiency. In this work, we optimized the pyramid height of textured silicon cells and efficiently characterized them to achieve enhanced light trapping. Two different kinds of perovskites, namely, Cs(0.17)FA(0.6)Pb(Br(0.17)I(0.7))(3) and Cs(0.25)FA(0.6)Pb(Br(0.20)I(0.7))(3) with wide bandgaps were conformally deposited on textured silicon cells, and the performance of these flat and fully textured tandem devices was numerically analyzed. The thickness of each layer in the tandem cell was optimized in a way to ensure a perfect current match between the top perovskite and bottom silicon subcells. The results indicated that the textured tandem configuration enhances light absorption over a broad spectral range due to the optimized pyramid height compared to flat surfaces. Eventually, the photovoltaic parameters of the proposed tandem cell were compared with the already existing structures, and our design supports large values of open circuit voltage (V(oc)) = 1.78 V, short circuit current density (J(sc)) = 20.09 mA cm(−2), fill factor (FF) = 79.01%, and efficiency (η) = 28.20% compared to other kinds of tandem solar cells.