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Sustained circulation of yellow fever virus in Cameroon: an analysis of laboratory surveillance data, 2010–2020

BACKGROUND: The re-emergence of yellow fever poses a serious public health risk to unimmunized communities in the tropical regions of Africa and South America and unvaccinated travelers visiting these regions. This risk is further accentuated by the likely spread of the virus to areas with potential...

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Autores principales: Nemg, Fredy Brice Simo, Abanda, Ngu Njei, Yonga, Martial Gide, Ouapi, Diane, Samme, Ivis Ewang, Djoumetio, Marlise Dontsop, Endegue-Zanga, Marie Claire, Demanou, Maurice, Njouom, Richard
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9055699/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35488234
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07407-1
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author Nemg, Fredy Brice Simo
Abanda, Ngu Njei
Yonga, Martial Gide
Ouapi, Diane
Samme, Ivis Ewang
Djoumetio, Marlise Dontsop
Endegue-Zanga, Marie Claire
Demanou, Maurice
Njouom, Richard
author_facet Nemg, Fredy Brice Simo
Abanda, Ngu Njei
Yonga, Martial Gide
Ouapi, Diane
Samme, Ivis Ewang
Djoumetio, Marlise Dontsop
Endegue-Zanga, Marie Claire
Demanou, Maurice
Njouom, Richard
author_sort Nemg, Fredy Brice Simo
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The re-emergence of yellow fever poses a serious public health risk to unimmunized communities in the tropical regions of Africa and South America and unvaccinated travelers visiting these regions. This risk is further accentuated by the likely spread of the virus to areas with potential for yellow fever transmission such as in Asia, Europe, and North America. To mitigate this risk, surveillance of yellow fever is pivotal. We performed an analysis of laboratory-based surveillance of yellow fever suspected cases in Cameroon during 2010–2020 to characterize the epidemiology of yellow fever cases and define health districts at high risk. METHOD: We reviewed IgM capture ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) test results of all suspected yellow fever patients analyzed at Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, the national yellow fever testing laboratory, during 2010–2020. RESULTS: Of the 20,261 yellow fever suspected patient’s samples that were tested, yellow fever IgM antibodies were detected in 360 patients representing an annual average of 33 cases/year. A major increase in YF IgM positive cases was observed in 2015 and in 2016 followed by a decrease in cases to below pre-2015 levels. The majority of the 2015 cases occurred during the latter part of the year while those in 2016, occurred between February and May. This trend may be due to an increase in transmission that began in late 2015 and continued to early 2016 or due to two separate transmission events. In 2016, where the highest number of cases were detected, 60 health districts in the 10 regions of Cameroon were affected with the Littoral, Northwest and, Far North regions being the most affected. After 2016, the number of detected yellow fever IgM positive cases dropped. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that yellow fever transmission continues to persist and seems to be occurring all over Cameroon with all 10 regions under surveillance reporting a case. Preventive measures such as mass vaccination campaigns and routine childhood immunizations are urgently needed to increase population immunity. The diagnostic limitations in our analysis highlight the need to strengthen laboratory capacity and improve case investigations. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07407-1.
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spelling pubmed-90556992022-05-01 Sustained circulation of yellow fever virus in Cameroon: an analysis of laboratory surveillance data, 2010–2020 Nemg, Fredy Brice Simo Abanda, Ngu Njei Yonga, Martial Gide Ouapi, Diane Samme, Ivis Ewang Djoumetio, Marlise Dontsop Endegue-Zanga, Marie Claire Demanou, Maurice Njouom, Richard BMC Infect Dis Research BACKGROUND: The re-emergence of yellow fever poses a serious public health risk to unimmunized communities in the tropical regions of Africa and South America and unvaccinated travelers visiting these regions. This risk is further accentuated by the likely spread of the virus to areas with potential for yellow fever transmission such as in Asia, Europe, and North America. To mitigate this risk, surveillance of yellow fever is pivotal. We performed an analysis of laboratory-based surveillance of yellow fever suspected cases in Cameroon during 2010–2020 to characterize the epidemiology of yellow fever cases and define health districts at high risk. METHOD: We reviewed IgM capture ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) test results of all suspected yellow fever patients analyzed at Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, the national yellow fever testing laboratory, during 2010–2020. RESULTS: Of the 20,261 yellow fever suspected patient’s samples that were tested, yellow fever IgM antibodies were detected in 360 patients representing an annual average of 33 cases/year. A major increase in YF IgM positive cases was observed in 2015 and in 2016 followed by a decrease in cases to below pre-2015 levels. The majority of the 2015 cases occurred during the latter part of the year while those in 2016, occurred between February and May. This trend may be due to an increase in transmission that began in late 2015 and continued to early 2016 or due to two separate transmission events. In 2016, where the highest number of cases were detected, 60 health districts in the 10 regions of Cameroon were affected with the Littoral, Northwest and, Far North regions being the most affected. After 2016, the number of detected yellow fever IgM positive cases dropped. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that yellow fever transmission continues to persist and seems to be occurring all over Cameroon with all 10 regions under surveillance reporting a case. Preventive measures such as mass vaccination campaigns and routine childhood immunizations are urgently needed to increase population immunity. The diagnostic limitations in our analysis highlight the need to strengthen laboratory capacity and improve case investigations. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07407-1. BioMed Central 2022-04-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9055699/ /pubmed/35488234 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07407-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Nemg, Fredy Brice Simo
Abanda, Ngu Njei
Yonga, Martial Gide
Ouapi, Diane
Samme, Ivis Ewang
Djoumetio, Marlise Dontsop
Endegue-Zanga, Marie Claire
Demanou, Maurice
Njouom, Richard
Sustained circulation of yellow fever virus in Cameroon: an analysis of laboratory surveillance data, 2010–2020
title Sustained circulation of yellow fever virus in Cameroon: an analysis of laboratory surveillance data, 2010–2020
title_full Sustained circulation of yellow fever virus in Cameroon: an analysis of laboratory surveillance data, 2010–2020
title_fullStr Sustained circulation of yellow fever virus in Cameroon: an analysis of laboratory surveillance data, 2010–2020
title_full_unstemmed Sustained circulation of yellow fever virus in Cameroon: an analysis of laboratory surveillance data, 2010–2020
title_short Sustained circulation of yellow fever virus in Cameroon: an analysis of laboratory surveillance data, 2010–2020
title_sort sustained circulation of yellow fever virus in cameroon: an analysis of laboratory surveillance data, 2010–2020
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9055699/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35488234
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07407-1
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