Improving ternary blend morphology by adding a conjugated molecule into non-fullerene polymer solar cells

The use of ternary polymer solar cells (PSCs) is a promising strategy to enhance photovoltaic performance while improving the fill factor (FF) of a device, but is still a challenge due to the complicated morphology. Herein, ternary PSCs are fabricated via adding the conjugated small molecule p-DTS(FBTTh(2))(2) into a well-known blended film, PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F. The ternary blend morphology and device characterization reveal that the addition of p-DTS(FBTTh(2))(2) can improve crystallinity and optimize morphology, leading to the FF of the optimized device increasing to 73.69%. In combination with the advantages of an ultra-narrow bandgap material, IEICO-4F, with a broad optical absorption spectrum, the optimized ternary solar cell exhibits a high short-circuit current–density (J(SC)) of 25.22 mA cm(−2). The best power conversion efficiency (PCE) is 12.84% for this optimized ternary device with 10 wt% p-DTS(FBTTh(2))(2) in the donors. This work indicates that incorporating a small molecule with high crystallinity into host binary non-fullerene PSCs would give an active layer with high crystallinity, thus greatly enhancing the FFs and PCEs of PSCs.