Heterogeneous activation of persulfate by ZnCo(x)Fe(2−x)O(4) loaded on rice hull carbon for degrading bisphenol A

A new low-cost composite of ZnCo(x)Fe(2−x)O(4) loaded on rice hull carbon (ZnCo(x)Fe(2−x)O(4)-RHC) was synthesized via waste ferrous sulfate (the industrial waste produced in the process of producing titanium dioxide) and rice hull as raw materials, which was applied for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) by heterogeneous activated peroxodisulfate (PS). A series of characterizations including XRD, SEM, FTIR, and BET analysis were carried out to analyze the structure and morphology of the materials. It is confirmed that the ZnCo(x)Fe(2−x)O(4)-RHC composites show better catalytic activity and performance than other control samples, which can be attributed to the synergistic effect of Fe and Co, ZnCo(x)Fe(2−x)O(4) and RHC based on these analyses. The degradation rate of BPA by ZnCo(1.3)Fe(0.7)O(4)-50%RHC reached 100% within 15 min, and it can still maintain good catalytic efficiency after 5 cycles. ESR test and XPS results showed that free radical and non-free radical processes were involved in BPA degradation. These findings offer a novel, low cost and simple strategy for rational design and modulation of catalysts for the industrial degradation of organic pollutants, and provide a new idea for the utilization of waste ferrous sulphate in titanium dioxide industry.