Role of hydrogen sulfide in subarachnoid hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a common acute and severe disease worldwide, which imposes a heavy burden on families and society. However, the current therapeutic strategies for SAH are unsatisfactory. Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), as the third gas signaling molecule after carbon monoxide and nitric oxide, has been widely studied recently. There is growing evidence that H(2)S has a promising future in the treatment of central nervous system diseases. In this review, we focus on the effects of H(2)S in experimental SAH and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We demonstrate that H(2)S has neuroprotective effects and significantly reduces secondary damage caused by SAH via antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptosis mechanisms, and by alleviating cerebral edema and vasospasm. Based on these findings, we believe that H(2)S has great potential in the treatment of SAH and warrants further study to promote its early clinical application.