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The Game for Three: Salmonella–Host–Microbiota Interaction Models
Colonization of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract by enteric pathogens occurs in a context strongly determined by host-specific gut microbiota, which can significantly affect the outcome of infection. The complex gameplay between the trillions of microbes that inhabit the GI tract, the host, and the i...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9062650/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35516427 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.854112 |
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author | Grzymajlo, Krzysztof |
author_facet | Grzymajlo, Krzysztof |
author_sort | Grzymajlo, Krzysztof |
collection | PubMed |
description | Colonization of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract by enteric pathogens occurs in a context strongly determined by host-specific gut microbiota, which can significantly affect the outcome of infection. The complex gameplay between the trillions of microbes that inhabit the GI tract, the host, and the infecting pathogen defines a specific triangle of interaction; therefore, a complete model of infection should consider all of these elements. Many different infection models have been developed to explain the complexity of these interactions. This review sheds light on current knowledge, along with the strengths and limitations of in vitro and in vivo models utilized in the study of Salmonella–host–microbiome interactions. These models range from the simplest experiment simulating environmental conditions using dedicated growth media through in vitro interaction with cell lines and 3-D organoid structure, and sophisticated “gut on a chip” systems, ending in various animal models. Finally, the challenges facing this field of research and the important future directions are outlined. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9062650 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90626502022-05-04 The Game for Three: Salmonella–Host–Microbiota Interaction Models Grzymajlo, Krzysztof Front Microbiol Microbiology Colonization of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract by enteric pathogens occurs in a context strongly determined by host-specific gut microbiota, which can significantly affect the outcome of infection. The complex gameplay between the trillions of microbes that inhabit the GI tract, the host, and the infecting pathogen defines a specific triangle of interaction; therefore, a complete model of infection should consider all of these elements. Many different infection models have been developed to explain the complexity of these interactions. This review sheds light on current knowledge, along with the strengths and limitations of in vitro and in vivo models utilized in the study of Salmonella–host–microbiome interactions. These models range from the simplest experiment simulating environmental conditions using dedicated growth media through in vitro interaction with cell lines and 3-D organoid structure, and sophisticated “gut on a chip” systems, ending in various animal models. Finally, the challenges facing this field of research and the important future directions are outlined. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-04-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9062650/ /pubmed/35516427 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.854112 Text en Copyright © 2022 Grzymajlo. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Grzymajlo, Krzysztof The Game for Three: Salmonella–Host–Microbiota Interaction Models |
title | The Game for Three: Salmonella–Host–Microbiota Interaction Models |
title_full | The Game for Three: Salmonella–Host–Microbiota Interaction Models |
title_fullStr | The Game for Three: Salmonella–Host–Microbiota Interaction Models |
title_full_unstemmed | The Game for Three: Salmonella–Host–Microbiota Interaction Models |
title_short | The Game for Three: Salmonella–Host–Microbiota Interaction Models |
title_sort | game for three: salmonella–host–microbiota interaction models |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9062650/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35516427 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.854112 |
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