Ultrafine nanoparticles of W-doped SnO(2) for durable H(2)S sensors with fast response and recovery

Ultrafine nanoparticles of W-doped SnO(2) with an average diameter of 6 nm were fabricated via a facile hydrothermal method. The material shows a reduced particle size and enhanced response to H(2)S gas as compared to the pristine SnO(2) nanoparticles. The detection limit can be down to 100 ppb while the response time and recovery time of the 5%-doped one are reduced to 17 s and 7 s respectively. In addition, the material shows impressive long-term stability of the response through 40 cycles of injection with 10 ppm H(2)S, which is attractive for designing a durable hydrogen sulfide sensor. The doping of W results in the reduction of size and modification of the electronic band structure of SnO(2), which reduces the response time and recovery time and further improves the sensing durability of the materials.