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Neuroplasticity related to chronic pain and its modulation by microglia
Neuropathic pain is often chronic and can persist after overt tissue damage heals, suggesting that its underlying mechanism involves the alteration of neuronal function. Such an alteration can be a direct consequence of nerve damage or a result of neuroplasticity secondary to the damage to tissues o...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9063368/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35501933 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41232-022-00199-6 |
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author | Hiraga, Shin-ichiro Itokazu, Takahide Nishibe, Mariko Yamashita, Toshihide |
author_facet | Hiraga, Shin-ichiro Itokazu, Takahide Nishibe, Mariko Yamashita, Toshihide |
author_sort | Hiraga, Shin-ichiro |
collection | PubMed |
description | Neuropathic pain is often chronic and can persist after overt tissue damage heals, suggesting that its underlying mechanism involves the alteration of neuronal function. Such an alteration can be a direct consequence of nerve damage or a result of neuroplasticity secondary to the damage to tissues or to neurons. Recent studies have shown that neuroplasticity is linked to causing neuropathic pain in response to nerve damage, which may occur adjacent to or remotely from the site of injury. Furthermore, studies have revealed that neuroplasticity relevant to chronic pain is modulated by microglia, resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia may directly contribute to synaptic remodeling and altering pain circuits, or indirectly contribute to neuroplasticity through property changes, including the secretion of growth factors. We herein highlight the mechanisms underlying neuroplasticity that occur in the somatosensory circuit of the spinal dorsal horn, thalamus, and cortex associated with chronic pain following injury to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) or CNS. We also discuss the dynamic functions of microglia in shaping neuroplasticity related to chronic pain. We suggest further understanding of post-injury ectopic plasticity in the somatosensory circuits may shed light on the differential mechanisms underlying nociceptive, neuropathic, and nociplastic-type pain. While one of the prominent roles played by microglia appears to be the modulation of post-injury neuroplasticity. Therefore, future molecular- or genetics-based studies that address microglia-mediated post-injury neuroplasticity may contribute to the development of novel therapies for chronic pain. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9063368 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90633682022-05-04 Neuroplasticity related to chronic pain and its modulation by microglia Hiraga, Shin-ichiro Itokazu, Takahide Nishibe, Mariko Yamashita, Toshihide Inflamm Regen Review Neuropathic pain is often chronic and can persist after overt tissue damage heals, suggesting that its underlying mechanism involves the alteration of neuronal function. Such an alteration can be a direct consequence of nerve damage or a result of neuroplasticity secondary to the damage to tissues or to neurons. Recent studies have shown that neuroplasticity is linked to causing neuropathic pain in response to nerve damage, which may occur adjacent to or remotely from the site of injury. Furthermore, studies have revealed that neuroplasticity relevant to chronic pain is modulated by microglia, resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia may directly contribute to synaptic remodeling and altering pain circuits, or indirectly contribute to neuroplasticity through property changes, including the secretion of growth factors. We herein highlight the mechanisms underlying neuroplasticity that occur in the somatosensory circuit of the spinal dorsal horn, thalamus, and cortex associated with chronic pain following injury to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) or CNS. We also discuss the dynamic functions of microglia in shaping neuroplasticity related to chronic pain. We suggest further understanding of post-injury ectopic plasticity in the somatosensory circuits may shed light on the differential mechanisms underlying nociceptive, neuropathic, and nociplastic-type pain. While one of the prominent roles played by microglia appears to be the modulation of post-injury neuroplasticity. Therefore, future molecular- or genetics-based studies that address microglia-mediated post-injury neuroplasticity may contribute to the development of novel therapies for chronic pain. BioMed Central 2022-05-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9063368/ /pubmed/35501933 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41232-022-00199-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Review Hiraga, Shin-ichiro Itokazu, Takahide Nishibe, Mariko Yamashita, Toshihide Neuroplasticity related to chronic pain and its modulation by microglia |
title | Neuroplasticity related to chronic pain and its modulation by microglia |
title_full | Neuroplasticity related to chronic pain and its modulation by microglia |
title_fullStr | Neuroplasticity related to chronic pain and its modulation by microglia |
title_full_unstemmed | Neuroplasticity related to chronic pain and its modulation by microglia |
title_short | Neuroplasticity related to chronic pain and its modulation by microglia |
title_sort | neuroplasticity related to chronic pain and its modulation by microglia |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9063368/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35501933 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41232-022-00199-6 |
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