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Cellulose nanofibrils prepared by gentle drying methods reveal the limits of helium ion microscopy imaging

TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TCNFs) have unique properties, which can be utilised in many application fields from printed electronics to packaging. Visual characterisation of TCNFs has been commonly performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). However, a novel imaging technique, Heli...

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Autores principales: Ketola, Annika E., Leppänen, Miika, Turpeinen, Tuomas, Papponen, Petri, Strand, Anders, Sundberg, Anna, Arstila, Kai, Retulainen, Elias
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9064282/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35514833
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra01447k
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author Ketola, Annika E.
Leppänen, Miika
Turpeinen, Tuomas
Papponen, Petri
Strand, Anders
Sundberg, Anna
Arstila, Kai
Retulainen, Elias
author_facet Ketola, Annika E.
Leppänen, Miika
Turpeinen, Tuomas
Papponen, Petri
Strand, Anders
Sundberg, Anna
Arstila, Kai
Retulainen, Elias
author_sort Ketola, Annika E.
collection PubMed
description TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TCNFs) have unique properties, which can be utilised in many application fields from printed electronics to packaging. Visual characterisation of TCNFs has been commonly performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). However, a novel imaging technique, Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM), offers benefits over SEM, including higher resolution and the possibility of imaging non-conductive samples uncoated. HIM has not been widely utilized so far, and in this study the capability of HIM for imaging of TCNFs was evaluated. Freeze drying and critical point drying (CPD) techniques were applied to preserve the open fibril structure of the gel-like TCNFs. Both drying methods worked well, but CPD performed better resulting in the specific surface area of 386 m(2) g(−1) when compared to 172 m(2) g(−1) and 42 m(2) g(−1) of freeze dried samples frozen in propane and nitrogen, respectively. HIM imaging of TCNFs was successful but high magnification imaging was challenging because the ion beam tended to degrade the TCNFs. The effect of the imaging parameters on the degradation was studied and an ion dose as low as 0.9 ion per nm(2) was required to prevent the damage. This study points out the differences between the gentle drying methods of TCNFs and demonstrates beam damage during imaging like none previously reported with HIM. The results can be utilized in future studies of cellulose or other biological materials as there is a growing interest for both the HIM technique and bio-based materials.
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spelling pubmed-90642822022-05-04 Cellulose nanofibrils prepared by gentle drying methods reveal the limits of helium ion microscopy imaging Ketola, Annika E. Leppänen, Miika Turpeinen, Tuomas Papponen, Petri Strand, Anders Sundberg, Anna Arstila, Kai Retulainen, Elias RSC Adv Chemistry TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TCNFs) have unique properties, which can be utilised in many application fields from printed electronics to packaging. Visual characterisation of TCNFs has been commonly performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). However, a novel imaging technique, Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM), offers benefits over SEM, including higher resolution and the possibility of imaging non-conductive samples uncoated. HIM has not been widely utilized so far, and in this study the capability of HIM for imaging of TCNFs was evaluated. Freeze drying and critical point drying (CPD) techniques were applied to preserve the open fibril structure of the gel-like TCNFs. Both drying methods worked well, but CPD performed better resulting in the specific surface area of 386 m(2) g(−1) when compared to 172 m(2) g(−1) and 42 m(2) g(−1) of freeze dried samples frozen in propane and nitrogen, respectively. HIM imaging of TCNFs was successful but high magnification imaging was challenging because the ion beam tended to degrade the TCNFs. The effect of the imaging parameters on the degradation was studied and an ion dose as low as 0.9 ion per nm(2) was required to prevent the damage. This study points out the differences between the gentle drying methods of TCNFs and demonstrates beam damage during imaging like none previously reported with HIM. The results can be utilized in future studies of cellulose or other biological materials as there is a growing interest for both the HIM technique and bio-based materials. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019-05-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9064282/ /pubmed/35514833 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra01447k Text en This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
spellingShingle Chemistry
Ketola, Annika E.
Leppänen, Miika
Turpeinen, Tuomas
Papponen, Petri
Strand, Anders
Sundberg, Anna
Arstila, Kai
Retulainen, Elias
Cellulose nanofibrils prepared by gentle drying methods reveal the limits of helium ion microscopy imaging
title Cellulose nanofibrils prepared by gentle drying methods reveal the limits of helium ion microscopy imaging
title_full Cellulose nanofibrils prepared by gentle drying methods reveal the limits of helium ion microscopy imaging
title_fullStr Cellulose nanofibrils prepared by gentle drying methods reveal the limits of helium ion microscopy imaging
title_full_unstemmed Cellulose nanofibrils prepared by gentle drying methods reveal the limits of helium ion microscopy imaging
title_short Cellulose nanofibrils prepared by gentle drying methods reveal the limits of helium ion microscopy imaging
title_sort cellulose nanofibrils prepared by gentle drying methods reveal the limits of helium ion microscopy imaging
topic Chemistry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9064282/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35514833
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra01447k
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