Therapeutic potentials of aivlosin and/or zinc oxide nanoparticles against Mycoplasma gallisepticum and/or Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale with a special reference to the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on aivlosin tissue residues: an in vivo approach

Respiratory diseases inflicted by Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) cause severe economic losses and great burden to the poultry industry worldwide. Therefore, the current study was planned to assess the efficacy of aivlosin alone or in combination with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in the treatment of experimental MG and/or ORT infections in broilers. Moreover, we also aimed to evaluate the role of ZnO-NPs on aivlosin residues in broiler tissues. A total of 1,440 Cobb chicks were allocated into 6 groups. At 14 d of age, chickens of groups 1 and 3 were experimentally infected with MG intratracheally and 6 d later, chickens of groups 2 and 3 were infected occulonasaly with ORT. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were divided into 4 subgroups; birds in subgroups 1, 2, and 3 were treated with aivlosin (A), ZnO-NPs (Z), and A/Z, respectively, while those in subgroups 4 was left without treatments. Moreover, groups 4 and 5 were kept noninfected and treated with aivlosin alone or in combination with ZnO-NPs, respectively. Finally, group 6 was kept as a negative control. The current results showed that the recovery from respiratory diseases caused by MG and/or ORT infections was most successful after treatment with A/Z in combination. Consequently, clinical signs, mortality rates, postmortem lesions of the respiratory organs, histopathological lesions of liver, trachea and lung and tracheal MG and ORT counts were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced following A/Z treatment. Taken together, high performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that ZnO-NPs decreased the aivlosin residues in liver, muscle and skin of healthy and infected chickens. Based on these results, it could be concluded that aivlosin/ZnO-NPs therapy is a valuable approach for controlling MG and/or ORT infections in boilers.