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Benzophenone assisted UV-activated synthesis of unique Pd-nanodendrite embedded reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite: a catalyst for C–C coupling reaction and fuel cell

In this work we report the use of benzophenone (BP) for the synthesis of a palladium (Pd) embedded on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite (Pd/rGO) using a simple aqueous solution and UV irradiation. The simple and facile evolution of thermodynamically unstable branched Pd(0) nanodendrites was...

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Autores principales: Aditya, Teresa, Jana, Jayasmita, Panda, Sonali, Pal, Anjali, Pal, Tarasankar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9066186/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35521347
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra02431j
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author Aditya, Teresa
Jana, Jayasmita
Panda, Sonali
Pal, Anjali
Pal, Tarasankar
author_facet Aditya, Teresa
Jana, Jayasmita
Panda, Sonali
Pal, Anjali
Pal, Tarasankar
author_sort Aditya, Teresa
collection PubMed
description In this work we report the use of benzophenone (BP) for the synthesis of a palladium (Pd) embedded on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite (Pd/rGO) using a simple aqueous solution and UV irradiation. The simple and facile evolution of thermodynamically unstable branched Pd(0) nanodendrites was achieved by BP photoactivation, circumventing the growth of more stable nanomorphologies. The synthesis of Pd(0)-embedded rGO nanosheets (PRGO-nd) was made possible by the simultaneous reduction of both the GO scaffold and PdCl(2) by introducing BP into the photoactivation reaction. The nanocomposites obtained in the absence of BP were common triangular and twinned Pd(0) structures which were also implanted on the rGO scaffold (PRGO-nt). The disparity in morphologies presumably occurs due to the difference in the kinetics of the reduction of Pd(2+) to Pd(0) in the presence and absence of the BP photoinitiator. It was observed that the PRGO-nd was composed of dense arrays of multiple Pd branches around nucleation site which exhibited (111) facet, whereas PRGO-nt showed a mixture of (100) and (111) facets. On comparing the catalytic efficiencies of the as-synthesized nanocatalysts, we observed a superiority in efficiency of the thermodynamically unstable PRGO-nd nanocomposite. This is due to the evolved active facets of the dendritic Pd(0) morphology with its higher surface area, as testified by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. Since both PRGO-nd and PRGO-nt contain particles of similar size, the dents and grooves in the structure are the cause of the increase in the effective surface area in the case of nanodendrites. The unique dendritic morphology of the PRGO-nd nanostructures makes them a promising material for superior catalysis, due to their high surface area, and the high density of surface atoms at their edges, corners, and stepped regions. We investigated the efficiency of the as-prepared PRGO-nd catalyst in the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction and showed its proficiency in a 2 h reaction at 60 °C using 2 mol% catalyst containing 0.06 mol% active Pd. Moreover, the electrochemical efficiency for the catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was demonstrated, in which PRGO-nd provided a decreased overpotential of 68 mV for a current density of 10 mA cm(−2), a small Tafel slope of 57 mV dec(−1) and commendable stability during chronoamperometric testing for 5 h.
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spelling pubmed-90661862022-05-04 Benzophenone assisted UV-activated synthesis of unique Pd-nanodendrite embedded reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite: a catalyst for C–C coupling reaction and fuel cell Aditya, Teresa Jana, Jayasmita Panda, Sonali Pal, Anjali Pal, Tarasankar RSC Adv Chemistry In this work we report the use of benzophenone (BP) for the synthesis of a palladium (Pd) embedded on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite (Pd/rGO) using a simple aqueous solution and UV irradiation. The simple and facile evolution of thermodynamically unstable branched Pd(0) nanodendrites was achieved by BP photoactivation, circumventing the growth of more stable nanomorphologies. The synthesis of Pd(0)-embedded rGO nanosheets (PRGO-nd) was made possible by the simultaneous reduction of both the GO scaffold and PdCl(2) by introducing BP into the photoactivation reaction. The nanocomposites obtained in the absence of BP were common triangular and twinned Pd(0) structures which were also implanted on the rGO scaffold (PRGO-nt). The disparity in morphologies presumably occurs due to the difference in the kinetics of the reduction of Pd(2+) to Pd(0) in the presence and absence of the BP photoinitiator. It was observed that the PRGO-nd was composed of dense arrays of multiple Pd branches around nucleation site which exhibited (111) facet, whereas PRGO-nt showed a mixture of (100) and (111) facets. On comparing the catalytic efficiencies of the as-synthesized nanocatalysts, we observed a superiority in efficiency of the thermodynamically unstable PRGO-nd nanocomposite. This is due to the evolved active facets of the dendritic Pd(0) morphology with its higher surface area, as testified by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. Since both PRGO-nd and PRGO-nt contain particles of similar size, the dents and grooves in the structure are the cause of the increase in the effective surface area in the case of nanodendrites. The unique dendritic morphology of the PRGO-nd nanostructures makes them a promising material for superior catalysis, due to their high surface area, and the high density of surface atoms at their edges, corners, and stepped regions. We investigated the efficiency of the as-prepared PRGO-nd catalyst in the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction and showed its proficiency in a 2 h reaction at 60 °C using 2 mol% catalyst containing 0.06 mol% active Pd. Moreover, the electrochemical efficiency for the catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was demonstrated, in which PRGO-nd provided a decreased overpotential of 68 mV for a current density of 10 mA cm(−2), a small Tafel slope of 57 mV dec(−1) and commendable stability during chronoamperometric testing for 5 h. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019-07-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9066186/ /pubmed/35521347 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra02431j Text en This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
spellingShingle Chemistry
Aditya, Teresa
Jana, Jayasmita
Panda, Sonali
Pal, Anjali
Pal, Tarasankar
Benzophenone assisted UV-activated synthesis of unique Pd-nanodendrite embedded reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite: a catalyst for C–C coupling reaction and fuel cell
title Benzophenone assisted UV-activated synthesis of unique Pd-nanodendrite embedded reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite: a catalyst for C–C coupling reaction and fuel cell
title_full Benzophenone assisted UV-activated synthesis of unique Pd-nanodendrite embedded reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite: a catalyst for C–C coupling reaction and fuel cell
title_fullStr Benzophenone assisted UV-activated synthesis of unique Pd-nanodendrite embedded reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite: a catalyst for C–C coupling reaction and fuel cell
title_full_unstemmed Benzophenone assisted UV-activated synthesis of unique Pd-nanodendrite embedded reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite: a catalyst for C–C coupling reaction and fuel cell
title_short Benzophenone assisted UV-activated synthesis of unique Pd-nanodendrite embedded reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite: a catalyst for C–C coupling reaction and fuel cell
title_sort benzophenone assisted uv-activated synthesis of unique pd-nanodendrite embedded reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite: a catalyst for c–c coupling reaction and fuel cell
topic Chemistry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9066186/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35521347
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra02431j
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