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Assessing socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment among older adults: a study based on a cross-sectional survey in India
BACKGROUND: The rapidly aging population is a major concern for countries, especially where cognitive health in older age is poor. The study examined the socioeconomic and health-related factors associated with cognitive impairment among older adults and the contribution of those factors to the conc...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9066837/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35505289 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03076-6 |
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author | Muhammad, T. Srivastava, Shobhit Sekher, T. V. |
author_facet | Muhammad, T. Srivastava, Shobhit Sekher, T. V. |
author_sort | Muhammad, T. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The rapidly aging population is a major concern for countries, especially where cognitive health in older age is poor. The study examined the socioeconomic and health-related factors associated with cognitive impairment among older adults and the contribution of those factors to the concentration of low cognitive functioning among older adults from economically poor households. METHODS: Data this study were derived from the “Building Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India” (BKPAI) survey, which was carried out in seven major states of India. The effective sample size for the analysis was 9176 older adults aged 60 years and above. Results from descriptive and bivariate analysis were reported in the initial stage. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the associations. Additionally, the concentration index and concentration curve were used to measure socioeconomic inequality in cognitive impairment among older adults. Wagstaff decomposition was employed to explore the key contributors in the concentration index. RESULTS: Nearly 60% of older adults suffered from cognitive impairment in the study. The likelihood of cognitive impairment were higher among older adults with a low level of self-perceived income sufficiency [coefficient: 0.29; confidence interval (CI): 0.07- 0.52] compared to older adults with higher levels of perceived income status. Older adults with more than 10 years of schooling were less likely to be cognitively impaired [coefficient: -1.27; CI: − 1.50- -1.04] in comparison to those with no education. Cognitive impairment was concentrated among older adults from households with the lowest wealth quintile (concentration index (CCI): − 0.10: p < 0.05). Educational status explained 44.6% of socioeconomic inequality, followed by 31.8% by wealth status and 11.5% by psychological health. Apart from these factors, difficulty in instrumental activities of daily living (3.7%), caste (3.7%), and perceived income sufficiency to fulfil basic needs (3.0%) explained socioeconomic inequality in cognitive impairment among older adults. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that older adults with lower perceived income, lower levels of education, poor physical and mental health, and poor physical and social resources were more likely to be cognitively impaired. Education, wealth and psychological health are major contributors in socioeconomic inequality in late-life cognitive impairment, which may be target areas in future policy formulation to reduce the inequality in cognitive impairment in older Indian adults. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9066837 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90668372022-05-04 Assessing socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment among older adults: a study based on a cross-sectional survey in India Muhammad, T. Srivastava, Shobhit Sekher, T. V. BMC Geriatr Research BACKGROUND: The rapidly aging population is a major concern for countries, especially where cognitive health in older age is poor. The study examined the socioeconomic and health-related factors associated with cognitive impairment among older adults and the contribution of those factors to the concentration of low cognitive functioning among older adults from economically poor households. METHODS: Data this study were derived from the “Building Knowledge Base on Population Ageing in India” (BKPAI) survey, which was carried out in seven major states of India. The effective sample size for the analysis was 9176 older adults aged 60 years and above. Results from descriptive and bivariate analysis were reported in the initial stage. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the associations. Additionally, the concentration index and concentration curve were used to measure socioeconomic inequality in cognitive impairment among older adults. Wagstaff decomposition was employed to explore the key contributors in the concentration index. RESULTS: Nearly 60% of older adults suffered from cognitive impairment in the study. The likelihood of cognitive impairment were higher among older adults with a low level of self-perceived income sufficiency [coefficient: 0.29; confidence interval (CI): 0.07- 0.52] compared to older adults with higher levels of perceived income status. Older adults with more than 10 years of schooling were less likely to be cognitively impaired [coefficient: -1.27; CI: − 1.50- -1.04] in comparison to those with no education. Cognitive impairment was concentrated among older adults from households with the lowest wealth quintile (concentration index (CCI): − 0.10: p < 0.05). Educational status explained 44.6% of socioeconomic inequality, followed by 31.8% by wealth status and 11.5% by psychological health. Apart from these factors, difficulty in instrumental activities of daily living (3.7%), caste (3.7%), and perceived income sufficiency to fulfil basic needs (3.0%) explained socioeconomic inequality in cognitive impairment among older adults. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that older adults with lower perceived income, lower levels of education, poor physical and mental health, and poor physical and social resources were more likely to be cognitively impaired. Education, wealth and psychological health are major contributors in socioeconomic inequality in late-life cognitive impairment, which may be target areas in future policy formulation to reduce the inequality in cognitive impairment in older Indian adults. BioMed Central 2022-05-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9066837/ /pubmed/35505289 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03076-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Muhammad, T. Srivastava, Shobhit Sekher, T. V. Assessing socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment among older adults: a study based on a cross-sectional survey in India |
title | Assessing socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment among older adults: a study based on a cross-sectional survey in India |
title_full | Assessing socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment among older adults: a study based on a cross-sectional survey in India |
title_fullStr | Assessing socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment among older adults: a study based on a cross-sectional survey in India |
title_full_unstemmed | Assessing socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment among older adults: a study based on a cross-sectional survey in India |
title_short | Assessing socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment among older adults: a study based on a cross-sectional survey in India |
title_sort | assessing socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment among older adults: a study based on a cross-sectional survey in india |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9066837/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35505289 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03076-6 |
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