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Urinary Pesticide Residual Levels and Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Under 5 Years of Age: Findings From the Offinso North Farm Health Study

BACKGROUND: Several environmental factors are associated with the risk of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) and upper respiratory infections (URIs) in children under 5 years of age (YOA). Evidence implicating chemical pesticides remains equivocal. There are also no data on this subject in t...

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Autores principales: Akyeampong, Enoch, Bend, John R, Luginaah, Isaac, Oscar Yawson, David, Jerry Cobbina, Samuel, Ato Armah, Frederick, Osei Adu, Michael, Kofi Essumang, David, Iddi, Samuel, Botwe, Paul K, Quansah, Reginald
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9067049/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35521362
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786302221094418
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author Akyeampong, Enoch
Bend, John R
Luginaah, Isaac
Oscar Yawson, David
Jerry Cobbina, Samuel
Ato Armah, Frederick
Osei Adu, Michael
Kofi Essumang, David
Iddi, Samuel
Botwe, Paul K
Quansah, Reginald
author_facet Akyeampong, Enoch
Bend, John R
Luginaah, Isaac
Oscar Yawson, David
Jerry Cobbina, Samuel
Ato Armah, Frederick
Osei Adu, Michael
Kofi Essumang, David
Iddi, Samuel
Botwe, Paul K
Quansah, Reginald
author_sort Akyeampong, Enoch
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Several environmental factors are associated with the risk of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) and upper respiratory infections (URIs) in children under 5 years of age (YOA). Evidence implicating chemical pesticides remains equivocal. There are also no data on this subject in these children in Ghana. This study investigated the association between urinary pesticide residual levels and the risk for ALRIs/URIs in children under 5 YOA. METHODS: The participants for this study were from the Offinso North Farm Health Study, a population-based cross-sectional study. Two hundred and fifty four parents/guardians who had answered affirmatively to the question “Has your child ever accompanied you to the farm?” were interviewed on household socio-demographic and environmental factors, being breastfed, child education, age, gender, and respiratory infection. One hundred fifty children were randomly selected to provide the first void urine. RESULTS: The proportion of children with ALRI was 22.1% and those with URI was 35.8%. We observed a statistically significant exposure-response relation of p,p′-DDE (tertile) with ALRI (1.7-3.2 µg/L urine: prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.22 [1.05-1.70], ⩾3.2 µg/L urine: 1.50 [1.07-3.53] [P-for trend = .0297]). This observation was in children older than two YOA (P-for trend = .0404). Delta-HCH and beta-HCH (2-levels) were significantly associated with ALRI but not URI. The risk of ALRI increased with deltamethrin levels in an exposure-response manner (2.5-9.5 µg/L urine: 2.10 [1.37-3.24], ⩾9.5 µg/L urine: 4.38 [1.87-10.32] [P-for trend = .0011]) and this was also observed in children older than two YOA. Similar observation was noted for URI. Bifenthrin (>0.5 µg/L urine) was positively associated with ALRI and URI whereas permethrin (⩾1.2 µg/L urine) was not associated only with URI. CONCLUSIONS: The present study supports the hypothesis that exposure to chemical pesticides is associated with respiratory infections in children under 5 YOA.
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spelling pubmed-90670492022-05-04 Urinary Pesticide Residual Levels and Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Under 5 Years of Age: Findings From the Offinso North Farm Health Study Akyeampong, Enoch Bend, John R Luginaah, Isaac Oscar Yawson, David Jerry Cobbina, Samuel Ato Armah, Frederick Osei Adu, Michael Kofi Essumang, David Iddi, Samuel Botwe, Paul K Quansah, Reginald Environ Health Insights Original Research BACKGROUND: Several environmental factors are associated with the risk of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) and upper respiratory infections (URIs) in children under 5 years of age (YOA). Evidence implicating chemical pesticides remains equivocal. There are also no data on this subject in these children in Ghana. This study investigated the association between urinary pesticide residual levels and the risk for ALRIs/URIs in children under 5 YOA. METHODS: The participants for this study were from the Offinso North Farm Health Study, a population-based cross-sectional study. Two hundred and fifty four parents/guardians who had answered affirmatively to the question “Has your child ever accompanied you to the farm?” were interviewed on household socio-demographic and environmental factors, being breastfed, child education, age, gender, and respiratory infection. One hundred fifty children were randomly selected to provide the first void urine. RESULTS: The proportion of children with ALRI was 22.1% and those with URI was 35.8%. We observed a statistically significant exposure-response relation of p,p′-DDE (tertile) with ALRI (1.7-3.2 µg/L urine: prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.22 [1.05-1.70], ⩾3.2 µg/L urine: 1.50 [1.07-3.53] [P-for trend = .0297]). This observation was in children older than two YOA (P-for trend = .0404). Delta-HCH and beta-HCH (2-levels) were significantly associated with ALRI but not URI. The risk of ALRI increased with deltamethrin levels in an exposure-response manner (2.5-9.5 µg/L urine: 2.10 [1.37-3.24], ⩾9.5 µg/L urine: 4.38 [1.87-10.32] [P-for trend = .0011]) and this was also observed in children older than two YOA. Similar observation was noted for URI. Bifenthrin (>0.5 µg/L urine) was positively associated with ALRI and URI whereas permethrin (⩾1.2 µg/L urine) was not associated only with URI. CONCLUSIONS: The present study supports the hypothesis that exposure to chemical pesticides is associated with respiratory infections in children under 5 YOA. SAGE Publications 2022-04-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9067049/ /pubmed/35521362 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786302221094418 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Original Research
Akyeampong, Enoch
Bend, John R
Luginaah, Isaac
Oscar Yawson, David
Jerry Cobbina, Samuel
Ato Armah, Frederick
Osei Adu, Michael
Kofi Essumang, David
Iddi, Samuel
Botwe, Paul K
Quansah, Reginald
Urinary Pesticide Residual Levels and Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Under 5 Years of Age: Findings From the Offinso North Farm Health Study
title Urinary Pesticide Residual Levels and Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Under 5 Years of Age: Findings From the Offinso North Farm Health Study
title_full Urinary Pesticide Residual Levels and Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Under 5 Years of Age: Findings From the Offinso North Farm Health Study
title_fullStr Urinary Pesticide Residual Levels and Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Under 5 Years of Age: Findings From the Offinso North Farm Health Study
title_full_unstemmed Urinary Pesticide Residual Levels and Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Under 5 Years of Age: Findings From the Offinso North Farm Health Study
title_short Urinary Pesticide Residual Levels and Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Under 5 Years of Age: Findings From the Offinso North Farm Health Study
title_sort urinary pesticide residual levels and acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age: findings from the offinso north farm health study
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9067049/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35521362
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786302221094418
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