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Digital Brain Maps and Virtual Neuroscience: An Emerging Role for Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy in Drug Development

The mammalian brain is by far the most advanced organ to have evolved and the underlying biology is extremely complex. However, with aging populations and sedentary lifestyles, the prevalence of neurological disorders is increasing around the world. Consequently, there is a dire need for technologie...

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Autores principales: Perens, Johanna, Hecksher-Sørensen, Jacob
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9067159/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35516798
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.866884
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author Perens, Johanna
Hecksher-Sørensen, Jacob
author_facet Perens, Johanna
Hecksher-Sørensen, Jacob
author_sort Perens, Johanna
collection PubMed
description The mammalian brain is by far the most advanced organ to have evolved and the underlying biology is extremely complex. However, with aging populations and sedentary lifestyles, the prevalence of neurological disorders is increasing around the world. Consequently, there is a dire need for technologies that can help researchers to better understand the complexity of the brain and thereby accelerate therapies for diseases with origin in the central nervous system. One such technology is light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) which in combination with whole organ immunolabelling has made it possible to visualize an intact mouse brain with single cell resolution. However, the price for this level of detail comes in form of enormous datasets that often challenges extraction of quantitative information. One approach for analyzing whole brain data is to align the scanned brains to a reference brain atlas. Having a fixed spatial reference provides each voxel of the sample brains with x-, y-, z-coordinates from which it is possible to obtain anatomical information on the observed fluorescence signal. An additional and important benefit of aligning light sheet data to a reference brain is that the aligned data provides a digital map of gene expression or cell counts which can be deposited in databases or shared with other scientists. This review focuses on the emerging field of virtual neuroscience using digital brain maps and discusses some of challenges incurred when registering LSFM recorded data to a standardized brain template.
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spelling pubmed-90671592022-05-04 Digital Brain Maps and Virtual Neuroscience: An Emerging Role for Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy in Drug Development Perens, Johanna Hecksher-Sørensen, Jacob Front Neurosci Neuroscience The mammalian brain is by far the most advanced organ to have evolved and the underlying biology is extremely complex. However, with aging populations and sedentary lifestyles, the prevalence of neurological disorders is increasing around the world. Consequently, there is a dire need for technologies that can help researchers to better understand the complexity of the brain and thereby accelerate therapies for diseases with origin in the central nervous system. One such technology is light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) which in combination with whole organ immunolabelling has made it possible to visualize an intact mouse brain with single cell resolution. However, the price for this level of detail comes in form of enormous datasets that often challenges extraction of quantitative information. One approach for analyzing whole brain data is to align the scanned brains to a reference brain atlas. Having a fixed spatial reference provides each voxel of the sample brains with x-, y-, z-coordinates from which it is possible to obtain anatomical information on the observed fluorescence signal. An additional and important benefit of aligning light sheet data to a reference brain is that the aligned data provides a digital map of gene expression or cell counts which can be deposited in databases or shared with other scientists. This review focuses on the emerging field of virtual neuroscience using digital brain maps and discusses some of challenges incurred when registering LSFM recorded data to a standardized brain template. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-04-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9067159/ /pubmed/35516798 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.866884 Text en Copyright © 2022 Perens and Hecksher-Sørensen. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Perens, Johanna
Hecksher-Sørensen, Jacob
Digital Brain Maps and Virtual Neuroscience: An Emerging Role for Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy in Drug Development
title Digital Brain Maps and Virtual Neuroscience: An Emerging Role for Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy in Drug Development
title_full Digital Brain Maps and Virtual Neuroscience: An Emerging Role for Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy in Drug Development
title_fullStr Digital Brain Maps and Virtual Neuroscience: An Emerging Role for Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy in Drug Development
title_full_unstemmed Digital Brain Maps and Virtual Neuroscience: An Emerging Role for Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy in Drug Development
title_short Digital Brain Maps and Virtual Neuroscience: An Emerging Role for Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy in Drug Development
title_sort digital brain maps and virtual neuroscience: an emerging role for light-sheet fluorescence microscopy in drug development
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9067159/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35516798
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.866884
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