Nutrition-related knowledge, practice, and weight status of patients with chronic diseases attending a district hospital in Nigeria

BACKGROUND: Africa is experiencing an epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and the projected mortality from NCDs by 2030 will overtake the combined mortality from communicable diseases. Nutrition is a key modality for preventing and treating NCDs, and optimal nutrition knowledge is essential for self-care. AIM: This study assessed the nutritional-related knowledge, dietary practice, and weight status of patients with non-communicable diseases attending State Specialist Hospital, Ring Road, Ibadan, Nigeria. METHODS: This hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 302 adult patients with chronic diseases attending a district hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were obtained using a semi-structured interviewer’s administered questionnaire on sociodemographic, diet-related knowledge and dietary practices, sources of dietary information and body mass index. The knowledge and practice score was calculated, and Chi-squared test was used to evaluate associations between socio-demographics, nutrition-related knowledge and practices; statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: The mean age of respondents was 61.94 ± 10.60, and 74.4% were women. Overall, 61.3% of the respondents had good nutrition knowledge, with a higher proportion among women (61.8%) than men (59.5%). However, more women were overweight (33.2%) or obese (21.7%). There was a significant difference in the knowledge of respondents based on income (P < 0.034), duration of illness (P < 0.012), as well as nutrition practice (P < 0.000). CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among the participants despite the overall satisfactory nutritional knowledge. Hence, primary care physicians as frontline doctors coordinating care need to advocate for holistic weight reduction strategies in managing chronic diseases.