Effects of meteorological factors and air pollutants on the incidence of COVID-19 in South Korea

Air pollution and meteorological factors can exacerbate susceptibility to respiratory viral infections. To establish appropriate prevention and intervention strategies, it is important to determine whether these factors affect the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therefore, this study examined the effects of sunshine, temperature, wind, and air pollutants including sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O(3)), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM(2.5)), and particulate matter ≤10 μm (PM(10)) on the age-standardized incidence ratio of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in South Korea between January 2020 and April 2020. Propensity score weighting was used to randomly select observations into groups according to whether the case was cluster-related, to reduce selection bias. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with COVID-19 incidence. Age 60 years or over (odds ratio [OR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.24–1.35), exposure to ambient air pollutants, especially SO(2) (OR, 5.19; 95% CI, 1.13–23.9) and CO (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07–1.27), and non-cluster infection (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.24–1.32) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. To manage and control COVID-19 effectively, further studies are warranted to confirm these findings and to develop appropriate guidelines to minimize SARS-CoV-2 transmission.