In-depth study on the effect of oxygen-containing functional groups in pyrolysis oil by P-31 NMR

One of the major obstacles to the widespread use of pyrolysis oil is its high oxygen content, with oxygen atoms being mainly present in the hydroxyl and the carboxyl groups. Therefore, quantitative and accurate characterization of oxygen-containing functional groups is of great significance. This study employed (31)P NMR to conduct in-depth studies on several model compounds including four kinds of alcohols and carboxylic acids. The model compounds have been investigated for stability in (31)P NMR solution for both short storage (4 hours) and long storage (14 days), namely by in and ex situ monitoring. The experimental phenomena indicates that carboxylic hydroxyl has poor stability compared to alcohols hydroxyl group, which is reflected in the amount of alcohol compounds remaining over 90% after long-term storage. Among the carboxylic acids used in the study, aromatic acids are relatively stable. Interestingly, oxalic acid is extremely unstable and completely decomposed in the first hour, while formic acid had only a small amount left after one day of storage. Therefore, the optimum time for the preparation, storage and upgrading of the pyrolysis oil can be determined by analysis of the stability of the oxygen-containing functional groups in (31)P NMR solution to ensure accuracy. Moreover, according to the results of the (31)P NMR and other characterization methods, it can been seen that water was formed during the decomposition of all the model compounds. This is a report on the quantitative characterization of different oxygen-containing functional groups representing pyrolysis oil and the first study on the similarities and differences of the decomposition of carboxylic acids and alcohols in (31)P NMR solution. The results of this in-depth investigation can provide important assistance in research that will further upgrade and apply pyrolysis oil.