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Winter oceanographic conditions predict summer bull kelp canopy cover in northern California

Bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, is an iconic kelp forest species of the Northeast Pacific that provides a wide range of ecosystem services to coastal marine species and society. In northern California, U.S.A., Nereocystis abundance declined sharply in 2014 and has yet to recover. While abiotic and...

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Autores principales: García-Reyes, Marisol, Thompson, Sarah Ann, Rogers-Bennett, Laura, Sydeman, William J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9070938/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35511813
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267737
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author García-Reyes, Marisol
Thompson, Sarah Ann
Rogers-Bennett, Laura
Sydeman, William J.
author_facet García-Reyes, Marisol
Thompson, Sarah Ann
Rogers-Bennett, Laura
Sydeman, William J.
author_sort García-Reyes, Marisol
collection PubMed
description Bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, is an iconic kelp forest species of the Northeast Pacific that provides a wide range of ecosystem services to coastal marine species and society. In northern California, U.S.A., Nereocystis abundance declined sharply in 2014 and has yet to recover. While abiotic and biotic stressors were present prior to 2014, the population collapse highlights the need for a better understanding of how environmental conditions impact Nereocystis. In this study, we used a newly-developed, satellite-based dataset of bull kelp abundance, proxied by canopy cover over 20 years, to test the hypothesis that winter oceanographic conditions determine summer Nereocystis canopy cover. For the years before the collapse (1991 through 2013), wintertime ocean conditions, synthesized in a Multivariate Ocean Climate Indicator (MOCI), were indeed a good predictor of summer Nereocystis canopy cover (R(2) = 0.40 to 0.87). We attribute this relationship to the effects of upwelling and/or temperature on nutrient availability. South of Point Arena, California, winter ocean conditions had slightly lower explanatory power than north of Point Arena, also reflective of spring upwelling-driven nutrient entrainment. Results suggest that the Nereocystis gametophytes and/or early sporophytes are sensitive to winter oceanographic conditions. Furthermore, environmental conditions in winter 2014 could have been used to predict the Nereocystis collapse in summer 2014, and for kelp north of Point Arena, a further decline in 2015. Importantly, environmental models do not predict changes in kelp after 2015, suggesting biotic factors suppressed kelp recovery, most likely extreme sea urchin herbivory. Conditions during winter, a season that is often overlooked in studies of biophysical interactions, are useful for predicting summer Nereocystis kelp forest canopy cover, and will be useful in supporting kelp restoration actions in California and perhaps elsewhere in the world.
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spelling pubmed-90709382022-05-06 Winter oceanographic conditions predict summer bull kelp canopy cover in northern California García-Reyes, Marisol Thompson, Sarah Ann Rogers-Bennett, Laura Sydeman, William J. PLoS One Research Article Bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, is an iconic kelp forest species of the Northeast Pacific that provides a wide range of ecosystem services to coastal marine species and society. In northern California, U.S.A., Nereocystis abundance declined sharply in 2014 and has yet to recover. While abiotic and biotic stressors were present prior to 2014, the population collapse highlights the need for a better understanding of how environmental conditions impact Nereocystis. In this study, we used a newly-developed, satellite-based dataset of bull kelp abundance, proxied by canopy cover over 20 years, to test the hypothesis that winter oceanographic conditions determine summer Nereocystis canopy cover. For the years before the collapse (1991 through 2013), wintertime ocean conditions, synthesized in a Multivariate Ocean Climate Indicator (MOCI), were indeed a good predictor of summer Nereocystis canopy cover (R(2) = 0.40 to 0.87). We attribute this relationship to the effects of upwelling and/or temperature on nutrient availability. South of Point Arena, California, winter ocean conditions had slightly lower explanatory power than north of Point Arena, also reflective of spring upwelling-driven nutrient entrainment. Results suggest that the Nereocystis gametophytes and/or early sporophytes are sensitive to winter oceanographic conditions. Furthermore, environmental conditions in winter 2014 could have been used to predict the Nereocystis collapse in summer 2014, and for kelp north of Point Arena, a further decline in 2015. Importantly, environmental models do not predict changes in kelp after 2015, suggesting biotic factors suppressed kelp recovery, most likely extreme sea urchin herbivory. Conditions during winter, a season that is often overlooked in studies of biophysical interactions, are useful for predicting summer Nereocystis kelp forest canopy cover, and will be useful in supporting kelp restoration actions in California and perhaps elsewhere in the world. Public Library of Science 2022-05-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9070938/ /pubmed/35511813 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267737 Text en © 2022 García-Reyes et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
García-Reyes, Marisol
Thompson, Sarah Ann
Rogers-Bennett, Laura
Sydeman, William J.
Winter oceanographic conditions predict summer bull kelp canopy cover in northern California
title Winter oceanographic conditions predict summer bull kelp canopy cover in northern California
title_full Winter oceanographic conditions predict summer bull kelp canopy cover in northern California
title_fullStr Winter oceanographic conditions predict summer bull kelp canopy cover in northern California
title_full_unstemmed Winter oceanographic conditions predict summer bull kelp canopy cover in northern California
title_short Winter oceanographic conditions predict summer bull kelp canopy cover in northern California
title_sort winter oceanographic conditions predict summer bull kelp canopy cover in northern california
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9070938/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35511813
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267737
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