The Effect of Oral Mucosal Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Pathological and Long-Term Outcomes in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

BACKGROUND: Neuroprotective effects of stem cells have been shown in some neurologic diseases. In this study, the effect of oral mucosal mesenchymal stem cells (OMSCs) on traumatic brain injury (TBI) was evaluated in long term. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TBI was induced by Marmarou's method. The number of 2 × 10(6) OMSCs was intravenously injected 1 and 24 h after the injury. Brain edema and pathological outcome were assessed at 24 h and 21 days after the injury. Besides, long-term neurological, motor, and cognitive outcomes were evaluated at days 3, 7, 14, and 21 after the injury. RESULTS: OMSCs administration could significantly inhibit microglia proliferation, and reduce brain edema and neuronal damage, at 24 h and 21 days after the injury. Neurological function improvement was observed in the times evaluated in OMSCs group. Cognitive and motor function dysfunction and anxiety-like behavior were prevented especially at 14 and 21 days after the injury in the treatment group. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, OMSCs administration after TBI reduced brain edema and neuronal damage, improved neurologic outcome, and prevented memory and motor impairments and anxiety-like behavior in long term.