Synthesis of Bi(2)WO(6)/Na-bentonite composites for photocatalytic oxidation of arsenic(iii) under simulated sunlight

Novel Bi(2)WO(6)/bentonite (denoted as BWO/BENT) composites were prepared via a typical hydrothermal process and employed for the photocatalytic oxidation of arsenic(iii) (As(iii)). The properties of the prepared samples were characterized through X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Effects of the BENT ratio on the As(iii) removal were explored under simulated sunlight, and the best photocatalytic effect was observed for the composite with BWO : BENT = 7 : 3 w/w. Compared with the pure BWO, the BWO/BENT composites exhibited an improved photocatalytic ability in the removal of As(iii), which was mainly ascribed to the enlarged specific surface area and the suppressed electron–hole recombination by the incorporated BENT. Furthermore, photo-generated holes (h(+)) and superoxide radicals ·O(2)(−) were confirmed to be the major contributors to the oxidation of As(iii), and an associated mechanism of photocatalytic oxidation of As(iii) over BWO/BENT composites was proposed.