Knowledge, attitude and practice towards kangaroo mother care among postnatal women in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Kangaroo mother care is a key procedure in reducing neonatal mortality and morbidity associated with preterm birth. In Ethiopia, neonatal death remains a serious problem, and this study aims to determine the prevalence of the knowledge, attitudes and practice of kangaroo mother care among Ethiopia women. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EMBASE and the Ethiopian University online library were searched. Data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and analysed using STATA statistical software (v. 11). Publication bias was checked by forest plot, Begg’s rank test and Egger’s regression test. To look for heterogeneity, I(2) were computed and an overall estimated analysis carried out. Subgroup analysis was done by region, study setting, publication, gestational age, birth weight and component of kangaroo care. The Joanna Briggs Institute risk of bias assessment tool was used. We carried out a leave one out sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: Out of 273 articles retrieved, 16 studies met the eligibility criteria and are thus included in this study. Those 16 studies had a total of 12,345 respondents who reported kangaroo mother practice, with five (comprising 1,232 participants combined) reporting that both knowledge and attitude were used to determine the overall estimation. The pooled estimates of good knowledge, positive attitude and poor practice of kangaroo mother care were found to be 64.62% (95% CI: 47.15%–82.09%; I(2) = 97.8%), 61.55% (49.73%–73.38%; I(2) = 94.8%) and 45.7% (95% CI: 37.23%–54.09%; I(2) = 98.5%), respectively. This study is limited to postnatal women and does not take account their domestic partners or health providers. CONCLUSION: The findings revealed significant gaps in the knowledge, attitudes and practice of kangaroo mother care in Ethiopia when compared with other developing countries. Therefore, kangaroo mother care training to women, along with further studies on domestic partners and health providers.