Ocular Factors of Fractal Dimension and Blood Vessel Tortuosity Derived From OCTA in a Healthy Chinese Population

PURPOSE: To identify the ocular factors of microvascular fractal dimension (FD) and blood vessel tortuosity (BVT) of macula measured with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in a healthy Chinese population. METHODS: Healthy subjects without ocular disorders were recruited at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center. The FD and BVT in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) at the macula were obtained from OCTA images. The FD was calculated using the box-counting method, and the BVT was defined as the ratio of the actual distance between two points to the straight distance on the skeletonized image. Univariate and stepwise multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to identify the ocular factors of FD and BVT, and the results are presented as coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Only the right eye of each subject was included. RESULTS: A total of 2189 healthy individuals (2189 eyes) were included with a mean age of 49.9 ± 13.2 years; 54.4% were female. In the multivariate model, the FD in the SCP was significantly associated with higher intraocular pressure (IOP) (β = 0.204; 95% CI, 0.073–0.335; P < 0.001), axial length (AL) (β = −0.875; 95% CI, −1.197 to −0.552; P < 0.001; R(2) = 0.26; root mean square error [RMSE] = 7.78). The FD in the DCP was significantly associated with best-corrected visual acuity (β = −6.170; 95% CI, −10.175 to −2.166; P = 0.003) and anterior chamber depth (β = −0.348; 95% CI, −0.673 to −0.023; P = 0.036; R(2) = 0.10; RMSE = 2.58). Superficial BVT was independently associated with IOP (β = −0.044; 95% CI, −0.079 to −0.009; P = 0.012) and AL (β = 0.097; 95% CI, 0.014–0.181; P = 0.022; R(2) = 0.15; RMSE = 2.02). Deep BVT was independently associated with IOP (β = −0.004; 95% CI, −0.009 to −0.0005; P = 0.028) and lens thickness (β = 0.036, 95% CI, 0.003–0.060; P = 0.028; R(2) = 0.07, RMSE = 0.25). CONCLUSIONS: The IOP and AL were dependent ocular parameters variables of FD and BVT in the SCP in this healthy population. The FD in the DCP was also influenced by visual acuity and anterior chamber depth. These factors should be considered when microvascular geometrics are used in the future studies. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: This work discovered the influence factors of OCTA geometrics parameters for further establishment of diagnostic model or method for glaucoma and other microvasculature-related ocular diseases.