The influence of Si(iv) on the reactivity of [[triple bond, length as m-dash]Fe(iii)]/[[triple bond, length as m-dash]Fe(ii)] couples for 2-nitrophenol reduction in γ-Al(2)O(3) suspensions

In a natural environment, Fe(ii) adsorbed onto the surfaces of natural particles to form various surface complex species can influence the transformation of contaminants. The reductive reactivity of the [[triple bond, length as m-dash]Fe(iii)]/[[triple bond, length as m-dash]Fe(ii)] couples are close correlated with the surrounding conditions. In this study, we investigated the effects of Si(iv) on the reductive reactivity of [[triple bond, length as m-dash]Fe(iii)]/[[triple bond, length as m-dash]Fe(ii)] couples adsorbed onto γ-Al(2)O(3). Experiments were conducted under different conditions to investigate the effects of Si(iv) on the reactivity of [[triple bond, length as m-dash]Fe(iii)]/[[triple bond, length as m-dash]Fe(ii)] couples for 2-nitrophenol (2-NP, selected as the model pollutant) reduction in γ-Al(2)O(3) suspensions. Kinetics results revealed that chemical adsorption is the rate limiting step in Fe(ii) and Si(iv) adsorption processes and the reduction of 2-NP is an endothermic reaction. The linear correlations between the reduced peak oxidation potential (E(p)) (versus SCE) and 2-NP reduction rate (ln k), and between the adsorbed Fe(ii) density (ρ(Fe(II))) and ln k, illustrated that E(p) and ρ(Fe(II)) are two key factors in the inhibiting effects of Si(iv) on the reductive reactivity of Fe(iii)/Fe(ii) couples on γ-Al(2)O(3). The results of Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed that the increase of Si(iv) concentration resulted in the gradual change in the composition of the adsorbed Fe species from pure [triple bond, length as m-dash]AlOFe(+) (γ-Al(2)O(3) surface-bound Fe(ii) species with higher reductive reactivity) to a mixture of [triple bond, length as m-dash]AlOFe(+) and [triple bond, length as m-dash]SiOFe(+) (SiO(2) surface-bound Fe(ii) species with lower reductive reactivity), leading to the decrease in ρ(Fe(II)), the positive shift in E(p), the increase in activation energy (E(a)), and consequently the decrease in the reduction rate (ln k) of 2-NP.