Interface engineering of graphene–silicon Schottky junction solar cells with an Al(2)O(3) interfacial layer grown by atomic layer deposition

The recent progress in graphene (Gr)/silicon (Si) Schottky barrier solar cells (SBSC) has shown the potential to produce low cost and high efficiency solar cells. Among the different approaches to improve the performance of Gr/Si SBSC is engineering the interface with an interfacial layer to reduce the high recombination at the graphene (Gr)/silicon (Si) interface and facilitate the transport of photo-generated carriers. Herein, we demonstrate improved performance of Gr/Si SBSC by engineering the interface with an aluminum oxide (Al(2)O(3)) layer grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD). With the introduction of an Al(2)O(3) interfacial layer, the Schottky barrier height is increased from 0.843 V to 0.912 V which contributed to an increase in the open circuit voltage from 0.45 V to 0.48 V. The power conversion efficiency improved from 7.2% to 8.7% with the Al(2)O(3) interfacial layer. The stability of the Gr/Al(2)O(3)/Si devices was further investigated and the results have shown a stable performance after four weeks of operation. The findings of this work underpin the potential of using an Al(2)O(3) interfacial layer to enhance the performance and stability of Gr/Si SBSC.