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Long-term patterns of an interconnected core marine microbiota
BACKGROUND: Ocean microbes constitute ~ 70% of the marine biomass, are responsible for ~ 50% of the Earth’s primary production and are crucial for global biogeochemical cycles. Marine microbiotas include core taxa that are usually key for ecosystem function. Despite their importance, core marine mic...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9080219/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35526063 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40793-022-00417-1 |
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author | Krabberød, Anders K. Deutschmann, Ina M. Bjorbækmo, Marit F. M. Balagué, Vanessa Giner, Caterina R. Ferrera, Isabel Garcés, Esther Massana, Ramon Gasol, Josep M. Logares, Ramiro |
author_facet | Krabberød, Anders K. Deutschmann, Ina M. Bjorbækmo, Marit F. M. Balagué, Vanessa Giner, Caterina R. Ferrera, Isabel Garcés, Esther Massana, Ramon Gasol, Josep M. Logares, Ramiro |
author_sort | Krabberød, Anders K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Ocean microbes constitute ~ 70% of the marine biomass, are responsible for ~ 50% of the Earth’s primary production and are crucial for global biogeochemical cycles. Marine microbiotas include core taxa that are usually key for ecosystem function. Despite their importance, core marine microbes are relatively unknown, which reflects the lack of consensus on how to identify them. So far, most core microbiotas have been defined based on species occurrence and abundance. Yet, species interactions are also important to identify core microbes, as communities include interacting species. Here, we investigate interconnected bacteria and small protists of the core pelagic microbiota populating a long-term marine-coastal observatory in the Mediterranean Sea over a decade. RESULTS: Core microbes were defined as those present in > 30% of the monthly samples over 10 years, with the strongest associations. The core microbiota included 259 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) including 182 bacteria, 77 protists, and 1411 strong and mostly positive (~ 95%) associations. Core bacteria tended to be associated with other bacteria, while core protists tended to be associated with bacteria. The richness and abundance of core OTUs varied annually, decreasing in stratified warmers waters and increasing in colder mixed waters. Most core OTUs had a preference for one season, mostly winter, which featured subnetworks with the highest connectivity. Groups of highly associated taxa tended to include protists and bacteria with predominance in the same season, particularly winter. A group of 13 highly-connected hub-OTUs, with potentially important ecological roles dominated in winter and spring. Similarly, 18 connector OTUs with a low degree but high centrality were mostly associated with summer or autumn and may represent transitions between seasonal communities. CONCLUSIONS: We found a relatively small and dynamic interconnected core microbiota in a model temperate marine-coastal site, with potential interactions being more deterministic in winter than in other seasons. These core microbes would be essential for the functioning of this ecosystem over the year. Other non-core taxa may also carry out important functions but would be redundant and non-essential. Our work contributes to the understanding of the dynamics and potential interactions of core microbes possibly sustaining ocean ecosystem function. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40793-022-00417-1. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9080219 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90802192022-05-09 Long-term patterns of an interconnected core marine microbiota Krabberød, Anders K. Deutschmann, Ina M. Bjorbækmo, Marit F. M. Balagué, Vanessa Giner, Caterina R. Ferrera, Isabel Garcés, Esther Massana, Ramon Gasol, Josep M. Logares, Ramiro Environ Microbiome Research Article BACKGROUND: Ocean microbes constitute ~ 70% of the marine biomass, are responsible for ~ 50% of the Earth’s primary production and are crucial for global biogeochemical cycles. Marine microbiotas include core taxa that are usually key for ecosystem function. Despite their importance, core marine microbes are relatively unknown, which reflects the lack of consensus on how to identify them. So far, most core microbiotas have been defined based on species occurrence and abundance. Yet, species interactions are also important to identify core microbes, as communities include interacting species. Here, we investigate interconnected bacteria and small protists of the core pelagic microbiota populating a long-term marine-coastal observatory in the Mediterranean Sea over a decade. RESULTS: Core microbes were defined as those present in > 30% of the monthly samples over 10 years, with the strongest associations. The core microbiota included 259 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) including 182 bacteria, 77 protists, and 1411 strong and mostly positive (~ 95%) associations. Core bacteria tended to be associated with other bacteria, while core protists tended to be associated with bacteria. The richness and abundance of core OTUs varied annually, decreasing in stratified warmers waters and increasing in colder mixed waters. Most core OTUs had a preference for one season, mostly winter, which featured subnetworks with the highest connectivity. Groups of highly associated taxa tended to include protists and bacteria with predominance in the same season, particularly winter. A group of 13 highly-connected hub-OTUs, with potentially important ecological roles dominated in winter and spring. Similarly, 18 connector OTUs with a low degree but high centrality were mostly associated with summer or autumn and may represent transitions between seasonal communities. CONCLUSIONS: We found a relatively small and dynamic interconnected core microbiota in a model temperate marine-coastal site, with potential interactions being more deterministic in winter than in other seasons. These core microbes would be essential for the functioning of this ecosystem over the year. Other non-core taxa may also carry out important functions but would be redundant and non-essential. Our work contributes to the understanding of the dynamics and potential interactions of core microbes possibly sustaining ocean ecosystem function. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40793-022-00417-1. BioMed Central 2022-05-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9080219/ /pubmed/35526063 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40793-022-00417-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Krabberød, Anders K. Deutschmann, Ina M. Bjorbækmo, Marit F. M. Balagué, Vanessa Giner, Caterina R. Ferrera, Isabel Garcés, Esther Massana, Ramon Gasol, Josep M. Logares, Ramiro Long-term patterns of an interconnected core marine microbiota |
title | Long-term patterns of an interconnected core marine microbiota |
title_full | Long-term patterns of an interconnected core marine microbiota |
title_fullStr | Long-term patterns of an interconnected core marine microbiota |
title_full_unstemmed | Long-term patterns of an interconnected core marine microbiota |
title_short | Long-term patterns of an interconnected core marine microbiota |
title_sort | long-term patterns of an interconnected core marine microbiota |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9080219/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35526063 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40793-022-00417-1 |
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