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Self-organization of porous anodic alumina films studied in situ by grazing-incidence transmission small-angle X-ray scattering

Self-ordered porous anodic alumina (PAA) films are studied extensively due to a large number of possible applications in nanotechnology and low cost of production. Whereas empirical relationships between growth conditions and produced oxides have been established, fundamental aspects regarding pore...

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Autores principales: Evertsson, Jonas, Vinogradov, Nikolay A., Harlow, Gary S., Carlà, Francesco, McKibbin, Sarah R., Rullik, Lisa, Linpé, Weronica, Felici, Roberto, Lundgren, Edvin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9080605/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35539633
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra02913j
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author Evertsson, Jonas
Vinogradov, Nikolay A.
Harlow, Gary S.
Carlà, Francesco
McKibbin, Sarah R.
Rullik, Lisa
Linpé, Weronica
Felici, Roberto
Lundgren, Edvin
author_facet Evertsson, Jonas
Vinogradov, Nikolay A.
Harlow, Gary S.
Carlà, Francesco
McKibbin, Sarah R.
Rullik, Lisa
Linpé, Weronica
Felici, Roberto
Lundgren, Edvin
author_sort Evertsson, Jonas
collection PubMed
description Self-ordered porous anodic alumina (PAA) films are studied extensively due to a large number of possible applications in nanotechnology and low cost of production. Whereas empirical relationships between growth conditions and produced oxides have been established, fundamental aspects regarding pore formation and self-organization are still under debate. We present in situ structural studies of PAA films using grazing-incidence transmission small-angle X-ray scattering. We have considered the two most used recipes where the pores self-organize: 0.3 M H(2)SO(4) at 25 V and 0.3 M C(2)H(2)O(4) at 40 V. During anodization we have followed the evolution of the structural parameters: average interpore distance, length of ordered pores domains, and thickness of the porous oxide layer. Compared to the extensively used ex situ investigations, our approach gives an unprecedented temporal accuracy in determination of the parameters. By using of Al(100), Al(110) and Al(111) surfaces, the influence of surface orientation on the structural evolution was studied, and no significant differences in the interpore distance and domain length could be observed. However, the rate of oxide growth in 0.3 M C(2)H(2)O(4) at 40 V was significantly influenced by the surface orientation, where the slowest growth occurs for Al(111). In 0.3 M H(2)SO(4) at 25 V, the growth rates were higher, but the influence of surface orientation was not obvious. The structural evolution was also studied on pre-patterned aluminum surfaces. These studies show that although the initial structures of the oxides are governed by pre-patterning geometry, the final structures are dictated by the anodization conditions.
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spelling pubmed-90806052022-05-09 Self-organization of porous anodic alumina films studied in situ by grazing-incidence transmission small-angle X-ray scattering Evertsson, Jonas Vinogradov, Nikolay A. Harlow, Gary S. Carlà, Francesco McKibbin, Sarah R. Rullik, Lisa Linpé, Weronica Felici, Roberto Lundgren, Edvin RSC Adv Chemistry Self-ordered porous anodic alumina (PAA) films are studied extensively due to a large number of possible applications in nanotechnology and low cost of production. Whereas empirical relationships between growth conditions and produced oxides have been established, fundamental aspects regarding pore formation and self-organization are still under debate. We present in situ structural studies of PAA films using grazing-incidence transmission small-angle X-ray scattering. We have considered the two most used recipes where the pores self-organize: 0.3 M H(2)SO(4) at 25 V and 0.3 M C(2)H(2)O(4) at 40 V. During anodization we have followed the evolution of the structural parameters: average interpore distance, length of ordered pores domains, and thickness of the porous oxide layer. Compared to the extensively used ex situ investigations, our approach gives an unprecedented temporal accuracy in determination of the parameters. By using of Al(100), Al(110) and Al(111) surfaces, the influence of surface orientation on the structural evolution was studied, and no significant differences in the interpore distance and domain length could be observed. However, the rate of oxide growth in 0.3 M C(2)H(2)O(4) at 40 V was significantly influenced by the surface orientation, where the slowest growth occurs for Al(111). In 0.3 M H(2)SO(4) at 25 V, the growth rates were higher, but the influence of surface orientation was not obvious. The structural evolution was also studied on pre-patterned aluminum surfaces. These studies show that although the initial structures of the oxides are governed by pre-patterning geometry, the final structures are dictated by the anodization conditions. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018-05-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9080605/ /pubmed/35539633 http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra02913j Text en This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
spellingShingle Chemistry
Evertsson, Jonas
Vinogradov, Nikolay A.
Harlow, Gary S.
Carlà, Francesco
McKibbin, Sarah R.
Rullik, Lisa
Linpé, Weronica
Felici, Roberto
Lundgren, Edvin
Self-organization of porous anodic alumina films studied in situ by grazing-incidence transmission small-angle X-ray scattering
title Self-organization of porous anodic alumina films studied in situ by grazing-incidence transmission small-angle X-ray scattering
title_full Self-organization of porous anodic alumina films studied in situ by grazing-incidence transmission small-angle X-ray scattering
title_fullStr Self-organization of porous anodic alumina films studied in situ by grazing-incidence transmission small-angle X-ray scattering
title_full_unstemmed Self-organization of porous anodic alumina films studied in situ by grazing-incidence transmission small-angle X-ray scattering
title_short Self-organization of porous anodic alumina films studied in situ by grazing-incidence transmission small-angle X-ray scattering
title_sort self-organization of porous anodic alumina films studied in situ by grazing-incidence transmission small-angle x-ray scattering
topic Chemistry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9080605/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35539633
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra02913j
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