Hierarchically porous SiO(2)/C hollow microspheres: a highly efficient adsorbent for Congo Red removal

Hierarchically porous SiO(2)/C hollow microspheres (HPSCHMs) were synthesized by a hydrothermal and NaOH-etching combined route. The adsorption performance of the prepared HPSCHMs was investigated to remove Congo Red (CR) in aqueous solution. The results show that the synthesized composite possesses a hollow microspherical structure with hierarchical pores and a diameter of about 100–200 nm, and its surface area is up to 1154 m(2) g(−1). This material exhibits a remarkable adsorption performance for CR in solution, and its maximum adsorption amount for CR can reach up to 2512 mg g(−1). It shows faster adsorption and much higher adsorption capacity than the commercial AC and γ-Al(2)O(3) samples under the same conditions. The studies of the kinetics and thermodynamics indicate that the adsorption of CR on the PHSCHM sample obeys the pseudo-second order model well and belongs to physisorption. The adsorption activation energy is about 7.72 kJ mol(−1). In view of the hierarchically meso–macroporous structure, large surface area and pore volume, the HPSCHM material could be a promising adsorbent for removal of pollutants, and it could also be used as a catalyst support.