Effect of benzoic acid surface modified alumina nanoparticles on the mechanical properties and crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene nanocomposites

The effect of benzoic acid (BA) surface modified alumina (Al(2)O(3)) nanoparticles (NPs) on the mechanical properties and crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) nanocomposites was studied. Characterization of the modified Al(2)O(3) NPs (BA-Al(2)O(3)) by FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed that benzoic acid molecules chemisorb on the surface of the NPs, forming benzene groups-rich microstructures. A considerable increase in the tensile strength, flexural modulus, and toughness was observed for the nanocomposites with only 0.2 wt% BA-Al(2)O(3). Enhanced interfacial adhesion with the matrix was achieved, which enabled effective reinforcement of the nanocomposites. The higher crystallization temperature along with shorter crystallization halftime indicated the higher nucleation activity of BA-Al(2)O(3). Furthermore, the interchain conformational ordering of iPP was significantly accelerated in the presence of the BA-Al(2)O(3) NPs. The CH–π interaction between the polymer and BA-Al(2)O(3) NPs was considered to facilitate the attachment of the iPP chains and stimulate conformational ordering, crystallization, as well as mechanical properties of nanocomposites.