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Real-Time Visualization of Scent Accumulation Reveals the Frequency of Floral Scent Emissions

Flowers emit a bouquet of volatiles to attract pollinators or to protect flowers from pathogen and herbivore attacks. Most floral volatiles are synthesized in the cytoplasm of petals and released into the headspace at a specific time of day. Various floral scent sampling methods coupled with gas chr...

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Autores principales: Kim, Hyoungsoo, Lee, Gilgu, Song, Junyong, Kim, Sang-Gyu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9083826/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35548271
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.835305
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author Kim, Hyoungsoo
Lee, Gilgu
Song, Junyong
Kim, Sang-Gyu
author_facet Kim, Hyoungsoo
Lee, Gilgu
Song, Junyong
Kim, Sang-Gyu
author_sort Kim, Hyoungsoo
collection PubMed
description Flowers emit a bouquet of volatiles to attract pollinators or to protect flowers from pathogen and herbivore attacks. Most floral volatiles are synthesized in the cytoplasm of petals and released into the headspace at a specific time of day. Various floral scent sampling methods coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry have been used to measure the quality and quantity of floral volatiles. However, little is known about the emission patterns of floral scents. In most cases, it is still unclear whether floral scents emit continuously or discontinuously. Here we measured the frequency with which lily flowers emit scents using optical interferometry. By analyzing the refractive index difference between volatile organic compounds and ambient air, we were able to visualize the accumulation of the volatile vapors. The frequency of volatile emission was calculated from the unique footprint of temporal power spectrum maps. Based on these real-time measurements, we found that lily flowers emit the volatile compounds discontinuously, with pulses observed around every 10–50 min.
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spelling pubmed-90838262022-05-10 Real-Time Visualization of Scent Accumulation Reveals the Frequency of Floral Scent Emissions Kim, Hyoungsoo Lee, Gilgu Song, Junyong Kim, Sang-Gyu Front Plant Sci Plant Science Flowers emit a bouquet of volatiles to attract pollinators or to protect flowers from pathogen and herbivore attacks. Most floral volatiles are synthesized in the cytoplasm of petals and released into the headspace at a specific time of day. Various floral scent sampling methods coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry have been used to measure the quality and quantity of floral volatiles. However, little is known about the emission patterns of floral scents. In most cases, it is still unclear whether floral scents emit continuously or discontinuously. Here we measured the frequency with which lily flowers emit scents using optical interferometry. By analyzing the refractive index difference between volatile organic compounds and ambient air, we were able to visualize the accumulation of the volatile vapors. The frequency of volatile emission was calculated from the unique footprint of temporal power spectrum maps. Based on these real-time measurements, we found that lily flowers emit the volatile compounds discontinuously, with pulses observed around every 10–50 min. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-04-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9083826/ /pubmed/35548271 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.835305 Text en Copyright © 2022 Kim, Lee, Song and Kim. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Kim, Hyoungsoo
Lee, Gilgu
Song, Junyong
Kim, Sang-Gyu
Real-Time Visualization of Scent Accumulation Reveals the Frequency of Floral Scent Emissions
title Real-Time Visualization of Scent Accumulation Reveals the Frequency of Floral Scent Emissions
title_full Real-Time Visualization of Scent Accumulation Reveals the Frequency of Floral Scent Emissions
title_fullStr Real-Time Visualization of Scent Accumulation Reveals the Frequency of Floral Scent Emissions
title_full_unstemmed Real-Time Visualization of Scent Accumulation Reveals the Frequency of Floral Scent Emissions
title_short Real-Time Visualization of Scent Accumulation Reveals the Frequency of Floral Scent Emissions
title_sort real-time visualization of scent accumulation reveals the frequency of floral scent emissions
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9083826/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35548271
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.835305
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