Prognosis value of lymphovascular invasion in patients with invasive ductal breast carcinoma according to lymph node metastasis status

BACKGROUND: Tumour lymphovascular invasion is not routinely assessed in all pathology services, and whether reporting it quantitatively or qualitatively is the main factor associated with the loss of this prognostic event. This study aimed to analyse the prognostic value of qualitatively reported lymphovascular invasion in patients with invasive breast ductal carcinoma. METHODS: This was a retrospective, single-center study, enrolling a total of 426 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with a report of lymphovascular invasion, with a median follow-up of approximately 4.5 years. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression was performed to obtain the predictive value of lymphovascular invasion. Propensity score matching was performed to reduce bias by standardising factors with significant differential distribution of lymphovascular invasion status. RESULTS: Lymphovascular invasion was present in 197 (49.2%) patients. Multivariate Cox regression showed that lymphovascular invasion independently increases the risk of death by almost two times (adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 2.045 (1.226–3.406), p = 0.006) and the risk of distant metastasis by more than two times (adjusted HR: 2.373 (1.404–4.010), p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis after matching by propensity score in adjuvant-only patients showed that the lymphovascular invasion is a factor of increased death in N− patients (adjusted HR: 12.597 (1.624–97.728), p = 0.015) and of distant metastasis-free survival in N+ patients (adjusted HR: 4.862 (1.649–14.335), p = 0.004) and almost for N− patients (adjusted HR 7.905 (0.969–64.509), p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: The presence of lymphovascular invasion is a predictor of worse prognosis in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, even with metastatic lymph node disease (N1–N3).