Facile microwave-assisted synthesis of In(2)O(3) nanocubes and their application in photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline

Novel In(2)O(3) nanocube photocatalysts were successfully prepared by a facile microwave-assisted synthesis method. The obtained products are nano-sized with square corners and high crystallinity. The In(2)O(3) nanocubes possessed high efficiency of electron–hole separation, resulting in high photocatalytic activities for the degradation of tetracycline under both visible light (λ > 420 nm) and full-range light irradiation (360–760 nm), the ratios of which are 39.3% and 61.0%, respectively. Moreover, the calculated positions of the CB and VB under our experimental conditions at the point of zero for In(2)O(3) nanocubes are −0.60 V and +2.17 V, respectively. Note that the redox potentials of [O(2)/·O(2)(−)] and [·OH/OH(−)] are −0.33 V and +2.38 V, respectively, which means that the irradiated In(2)O(3) nanocubes can reduce O(2) into ·O(2)(−) without oxidizing OH(−) into ·OH. It can be concluded that ·O(2)(−) and h(+) are the main active species of In(2)O(3) in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation and full-range light irradiation.