Eco-friendly synthesis of ionic helical polymers and their chemical properties and reactivity

Reaction of N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)pyridinium chloride (salt(Cl(−))) with sodium dicyanamide (Na(CN)(2)N) resulted in anion exchange between Cl(−) and (CN)(2)N(−) to yield a new Zincke salt, salt((CN)(2)N(−)). Reactions of salt((CN)(2)N(−)) with piperazine, specifically (R)-(−)- or (S)-(+)-2-methylpiperazine under eco-friendly conditions, such as in aqueous solution, in the absence of a catalyst, and at room temperature, resulted in pyridinium ring opening to yield ionic high-molecular-weight polymers with 5-2,4-dienylideneammonium dicyanamide units or chiral 5-(2-methylpiperazinium)-2,4-dienylideneammonium dicyanamide units, namely, polymer(H;(CN)(2)N(−)), polymer(R-Me;(CN)(2)N(−)), and polymer(S-Me;(CN)(2)N(−)). UV-Vis measurements revealed that the π-conjugation system expanded along the polymer chain due to the orbital interaction between the electrons on the two nitrogen atoms of the piperazinium ring. Circular dichroism (CD) measurements revealed a helical conformation of the main chain in polymer(R-Me;(CN)(2)N(−)) and polymer(S-Me;(CN)(2)N(−)). The reaction of polymer(H;(CN)(2)N(−)) with p-phenylenediamine (PDA) caused recyclization of the 2,4-dienylideneammonium unit and resulted in depolymerization to yield N-(4-aminophenyl)pyridinium dicyanamide. Cyclic voltammetry analysis suggested that the polymers obtained in this study undergo electrochemical oxidation and reduction.