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Shocks in the Very Local Interstellar Medium

Large-scale disturbances generated by the Sun’s dynamics first propagate through the heliosphere, influence the heliosphere’s outer boundaries, and then traverse and modify the very local interstellar medium (VLISM). The existence of shocks in the VLISM was initially suggested by Voyager observation...

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Autores principales: Mostafavi, P., Burlaga, L. F., Cairns, I. H., Fuselier, S. A., Fraternale, F., Gurnett, D. A., Kim, T. K., Kurth, W. S., Pogorelov, N. V., Provornikova, E., Richardson, J. D., Turner, D. L., Zank, G. P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Netherlands 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9085707/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35574274
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-022-00893-4
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author Mostafavi, P.
Burlaga, L. F.
Cairns, I. H.
Fuselier, S. A.
Fraternale, F.
Gurnett, D. A.
Kim, T. K.
Kurth, W. S.
Pogorelov, N. V.
Provornikova, E.
Richardson, J. D.
Turner, D. L.
Zank, G. P.
author_facet Mostafavi, P.
Burlaga, L. F.
Cairns, I. H.
Fuselier, S. A.
Fraternale, F.
Gurnett, D. A.
Kim, T. K.
Kurth, W. S.
Pogorelov, N. V.
Provornikova, E.
Richardson, J. D.
Turner, D. L.
Zank, G. P.
author_sort Mostafavi, P.
collection PubMed
description Large-scale disturbances generated by the Sun’s dynamics first propagate through the heliosphere, influence the heliosphere’s outer boundaries, and then traverse and modify the very local interstellar medium (VLISM). The existence of shocks in the VLISM was initially suggested by Voyager observations of the 2-3 kHz radio emissions in the heliosphere. A couple of decades later, both Voyagers crossed the definitive edge of our heliosphere and became the first ever spacecraft to sample interstellar space. Since Voyager 1’s entrance into the VLISM, it sampled electron plasma oscillation events that indirectly measure the medium’s density, increasing as it moves further away from the heliopause. Some of the observed electron oscillation events in the VLISM were associated with the local heliospheric shock waves. The observed VLISM shocks were very different than heliospheric shocks. They were very weak and broad, and the usual dissipation via wave-particle interactions could not explain their structure. Estimates of the dissipation associated with the collisionality show that collisions can determine the VLISM shock structure. According to theory and models, the existence of a bow shock or wave in front of our heliosphere is still an open question as there are no direct observations yet. This paper reviews the outstanding observations recently made by the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft, and our current understanding of the properties of shocks/waves in the VLISM. We present some of the most exciting open questions related to the VLISM and shock waves that should be addressed in the future.
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spelling pubmed-90857072022-05-11 Shocks in the Very Local Interstellar Medium Mostafavi, P. Burlaga, L. F. Cairns, I. H. Fuselier, S. A. Fraternale, F. Gurnett, D. A. Kim, T. K. Kurth, W. S. Pogorelov, N. V. Provornikova, E. Richardson, J. D. Turner, D. L. Zank, G. P. Space Sci Rev Article Large-scale disturbances generated by the Sun’s dynamics first propagate through the heliosphere, influence the heliosphere’s outer boundaries, and then traverse and modify the very local interstellar medium (VLISM). The existence of shocks in the VLISM was initially suggested by Voyager observations of the 2-3 kHz radio emissions in the heliosphere. A couple of decades later, both Voyagers crossed the definitive edge of our heliosphere and became the first ever spacecraft to sample interstellar space. Since Voyager 1’s entrance into the VLISM, it sampled electron plasma oscillation events that indirectly measure the medium’s density, increasing as it moves further away from the heliopause. Some of the observed electron oscillation events in the VLISM were associated with the local heliospheric shock waves. The observed VLISM shocks were very different than heliospheric shocks. They were very weak and broad, and the usual dissipation via wave-particle interactions could not explain their structure. Estimates of the dissipation associated with the collisionality show that collisions can determine the VLISM shock structure. According to theory and models, the existence of a bow shock or wave in front of our heliosphere is still an open question as there are no direct observations yet. This paper reviews the outstanding observations recently made by the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft, and our current understanding of the properties of shocks/waves in the VLISM. We present some of the most exciting open questions related to the VLISM and shock waves that should be addressed in the future. Springer Netherlands 2022-05-09 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC9085707/ /pubmed/35574274 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-022-00893-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Mostafavi, P.
Burlaga, L. F.
Cairns, I. H.
Fuselier, S. A.
Fraternale, F.
Gurnett, D. A.
Kim, T. K.
Kurth, W. S.
Pogorelov, N. V.
Provornikova, E.
Richardson, J. D.
Turner, D. L.
Zank, G. P.
Shocks in the Very Local Interstellar Medium
title Shocks in the Very Local Interstellar Medium
title_full Shocks in the Very Local Interstellar Medium
title_fullStr Shocks in the Very Local Interstellar Medium
title_full_unstemmed Shocks in the Very Local Interstellar Medium
title_short Shocks in the Very Local Interstellar Medium
title_sort shocks in the very local interstellar medium
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9085707/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35574274
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-022-00893-4
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