Environmental transfer parameters of strontium for soil to cow milk pathway for tropical monsoonal climatic region of the Indian subcontinent

The radionuclide transfer between compartments is commonly described by transfer parameters representing the ratio of concentrations of an element in two compartments for equilibrium conditions. This is a comprehensive study on the soil-to-grass transfer factor (F(v)) and grass-to-cow milk transfer coefficient (F(m)) for stable strontium (Sr) for soil-grass (pasture)-cow (Bos taurus) milk environmental pathway under field conditions for a high rainfall tropical monsoonal climatic region of the Indian subcontinent. The study was conducted in the vicinity of the Kaiga nuclear power plant (NPP), situated ~ 58 km inland of the West Coast of the Indian subcontinent. A grass field was developed exclusively for this study, and two cows of the native breed were raised to graze on it. The soil, grass, and milk were analyzed to evaluate the F(v) and the F(m) values for the stable Sr. For comparison, several pasture lands and the cows raised by the villagers and a dairy farm were also studied. The F(v) values were in the range 0.18—8.6, the geometric mean (GM) being 1.8. The correlations of F(v) values with a range of physicochemical parameters are presented. The GM values for F(m) were 2.2 × 10(–3) d L(-1) and 7.2 × 10(–3) d L(-1) for the two cows raised for this study, 2.6 × 10(–3) d L(-1) for those raised by the villagers, and 4.2 × 10(–3) d L(-1) for the dairy farm. The site-specific F(m) value for the region was determined as 3.2 × 10(–3) d L(-1). The concentration ratio (CR), defined as the ratio of Sr concentration in milk to that in feed under equilibrium conditions, exhibited less variability (1.8 × 10(–2)—5.4 × 10(–2)) among the three categories of cows.