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Tetrathienothiophene Porphyrin as a Metal-Free Sensitizer for Room-Temperature Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion
Optically excited triplet states of organic molecules serve as an energy pool for the subsequent processes, either photon energy downhill, such as room temperature phosphorescence, or photon energy uphill process—the triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC). Manifestation of a high intersy...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9086237/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35559213 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2022.809863 |
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author | Vasilev, Aleksey Kostadinov, Anton Kandinska, Meglena Landfester, Katharina Baluschev, Stanislav |
author_facet | Vasilev, Aleksey Kostadinov, Anton Kandinska, Meglena Landfester, Katharina Baluschev, Stanislav |
author_sort | Vasilev, Aleksey |
collection | PubMed |
description | Optically excited triplet states of organic molecules serve as an energy pool for the subsequent processes, either photon energy downhill, such as room temperature phosphorescence, or photon energy uphill process—the triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC). Manifestation of a high intersystem crossing coefficient is an unavoidable requirement for triplet state formation, following the absorption of a single photon. This requirement is even more inevitable if the excitation light is non-coherent, with moderate intensity and extremely low spectral power density, when compared with the light parameters of 1 Sun (1.5 AM). Coordination of a heavy atom increases substantially the probability of intersystem crossing. Nevertheless, having in mind the global shortage in precious and rare-earth metals, identification of metal-free organic moieties able to form triplet states becomes a prerequisite for environmental friendly optoelectronic technologies. This motivates us to synthesize a metal-free thienothiophene containing porphyrin, based on a condensation reaction between thienothiophene-2-carbaldehyde and pyrrole in an acidic medium by modified synthetic protocol. The upconversion couple tetrathienothiophene porphyrin/rubrene when excited at λ = 658 nm demonstrates bright, delayed fluorescence with a maximum emission at λ = 555 nm. This verifies our hypothesis that the ISC coefficient in thienothiophene porphyrin is efficient in order to create even at room temperature and low-intensity optical excitation densely populated organic triplet ensemble and is suitable for photon energy uphill processes, which makes this type of metal-free sensitizers even more important for optoelectronic applications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9086237 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90862372022-05-11 Tetrathienothiophene Porphyrin as a Metal-Free Sensitizer for Room-Temperature Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion Vasilev, Aleksey Kostadinov, Anton Kandinska, Meglena Landfester, Katharina Baluschev, Stanislav Front Chem Chemistry Optically excited triplet states of organic molecules serve as an energy pool for the subsequent processes, either photon energy downhill, such as room temperature phosphorescence, or photon energy uphill process—the triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC). Manifestation of a high intersystem crossing coefficient is an unavoidable requirement for triplet state formation, following the absorption of a single photon. This requirement is even more inevitable if the excitation light is non-coherent, with moderate intensity and extremely low spectral power density, when compared with the light parameters of 1 Sun (1.5 AM). Coordination of a heavy atom increases substantially the probability of intersystem crossing. Nevertheless, having in mind the global shortage in precious and rare-earth metals, identification of metal-free organic moieties able to form triplet states becomes a prerequisite for environmental friendly optoelectronic technologies. This motivates us to synthesize a metal-free thienothiophene containing porphyrin, based on a condensation reaction between thienothiophene-2-carbaldehyde and pyrrole in an acidic medium by modified synthetic protocol. The upconversion couple tetrathienothiophene porphyrin/rubrene when excited at λ = 658 nm demonstrates bright, delayed fluorescence with a maximum emission at λ = 555 nm. This verifies our hypothesis that the ISC coefficient in thienothiophene porphyrin is efficient in order to create even at room temperature and low-intensity optical excitation densely populated organic triplet ensemble and is suitable for photon energy uphill processes, which makes this type of metal-free sensitizers even more important for optoelectronic applications. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9086237/ /pubmed/35559213 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2022.809863 Text en Copyright © 2022 Vasilev, Kostadinov, Kandinska, Landfester and Baluschev. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Chemistry Vasilev, Aleksey Kostadinov, Anton Kandinska, Meglena Landfester, Katharina Baluschev, Stanislav Tetrathienothiophene Porphyrin as a Metal-Free Sensitizer for Room-Temperature Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion |
title | Tetrathienothiophene Porphyrin as a Metal-Free Sensitizer for Room-Temperature Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion |
title_full | Tetrathienothiophene Porphyrin as a Metal-Free Sensitizer for Room-Temperature Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion |
title_fullStr | Tetrathienothiophene Porphyrin as a Metal-Free Sensitizer for Room-Temperature Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion |
title_full_unstemmed | Tetrathienothiophene Porphyrin as a Metal-Free Sensitizer for Room-Temperature Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion |
title_short | Tetrathienothiophene Porphyrin as a Metal-Free Sensitizer for Room-Temperature Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion |
title_sort | tetrathienothiophene porphyrin as a metal-free sensitizer for room-temperature triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion |
topic | Chemistry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9086237/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35559213 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2022.809863 |
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