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Exoscope as a Teaching Tool: A Narrative Review of the Literature

Recently, the emergence of the three-dimensional (3D) exoscope has proven to be a viable alternative to the operative microscope (OM) as a novel workhorse of microneurosurgical procedures. Through its current iteration, the 3D exoscope has been demonstrated to be at least equivalent to the operative...

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Autores principales: Calloni, Tommaso, Roumy, Louis Georges, Cinalli, Maria Allegra, Rocca, Alessandra, Held, Andrea, Trezza, Andrea, Carrabba, Giorgio Giovanni, Giussani, Carlo Giorgio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9086489/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35558390
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2022.878293
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author Calloni, Tommaso
Roumy, Louis Georges
Cinalli, Maria Allegra
Rocca, Alessandra
Held, Andrea
Trezza, Andrea
Carrabba, Giorgio Giovanni
Giussani, Carlo Giorgio
author_facet Calloni, Tommaso
Roumy, Louis Georges
Cinalli, Maria Allegra
Rocca, Alessandra
Held, Andrea
Trezza, Andrea
Carrabba, Giorgio Giovanni
Giussani, Carlo Giorgio
author_sort Calloni, Tommaso
collection PubMed
description Recently, the emergence of the three-dimensional (3D) exoscope has proven to be a viable alternative to the operative microscope (OM) as a novel workhorse of microneurosurgical procedures. Through its current iteration, the 3D exoscope has been demonstrated to be at least equivalent to the operative microscope in terms of surgical outcomes in many settings. With its superior ergonomics and simplicity of use, the 3D exoscope has been shown in multiple studies to be a powerful visualizing tool during surgical procedures. Moreover, the exoscopic systems, through their current iterations and by means of a high-resolution 3D monitor and 3D glasses, have allowed all participants present in the operative room to attain an unprecedented level of intraoperative visualization of anatomical structures and surgical maneuvers which are traditionally available only to the first operator. Although long-term data are still lacking regarding its future as a replacement of the OM, the 3D exoscope has revealed itself as an intense subject of discussion in neurosurgery regarding its implication for surgical education, especially for residents and junior neurosurgeons. This article is a review of the current state of the literature on the role of the exoscope in surgical education, underlining its strength as a learning tool and its potential future implications in terms of surgical education.
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spelling pubmed-90864892022-05-11 Exoscope as a Teaching Tool: A Narrative Review of the Literature Calloni, Tommaso Roumy, Louis Georges Cinalli, Maria Allegra Rocca, Alessandra Held, Andrea Trezza, Andrea Carrabba, Giorgio Giovanni Giussani, Carlo Giorgio Front Surg Surgery Recently, the emergence of the three-dimensional (3D) exoscope has proven to be a viable alternative to the operative microscope (OM) as a novel workhorse of microneurosurgical procedures. Through its current iteration, the 3D exoscope has been demonstrated to be at least equivalent to the operative microscope in terms of surgical outcomes in many settings. With its superior ergonomics and simplicity of use, the 3D exoscope has been shown in multiple studies to be a powerful visualizing tool during surgical procedures. Moreover, the exoscopic systems, through their current iterations and by means of a high-resolution 3D monitor and 3D glasses, have allowed all participants present in the operative room to attain an unprecedented level of intraoperative visualization of anatomical structures and surgical maneuvers which are traditionally available only to the first operator. Although long-term data are still lacking regarding its future as a replacement of the OM, the 3D exoscope has revealed itself as an intense subject of discussion in neurosurgery regarding its implication for surgical education, especially for residents and junior neurosurgeons. This article is a review of the current state of the literature on the role of the exoscope in surgical education, underlining its strength as a learning tool and its potential future implications in terms of surgical education. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9086489/ /pubmed/35558390 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2022.878293 Text en Copyright © 2022 Calloni, Roumy, Cinalli, Rocca, Held, Trezza, Carrabba and Giussani. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Surgery
Calloni, Tommaso
Roumy, Louis Georges
Cinalli, Maria Allegra
Rocca, Alessandra
Held, Andrea
Trezza, Andrea
Carrabba, Giorgio Giovanni
Giussani, Carlo Giorgio
Exoscope as a Teaching Tool: A Narrative Review of the Literature
title Exoscope as a Teaching Tool: A Narrative Review of the Literature
title_full Exoscope as a Teaching Tool: A Narrative Review of the Literature
title_fullStr Exoscope as a Teaching Tool: A Narrative Review of the Literature
title_full_unstemmed Exoscope as a Teaching Tool: A Narrative Review of the Literature
title_short Exoscope as a Teaching Tool: A Narrative Review of the Literature
title_sort exoscope as a teaching tool: a narrative review of the literature
topic Surgery
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9086489/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35558390
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2022.878293
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