A systematic review of supermarket automated electronic sales data for population dietary surveillance

CONTEXT: Most dietary assessment methods are limited by self-report biases, how long they take for participants to complete, and cost of time for dietitians to extract content. Electronically recorded, supermarket-obtained transactions are an objective measure of food purchases, with reduced bias and improved timeliness and scale. OBJECTIVE: The use, breadth, context, and utility of electronic purchase records for dietary research is assessed and discussed in this systematic review. DATA SOURCES: Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Global Health) were searched. Included studies used electronically recorded supermarket transactions to investigate the diet of healthy, free-living adults. DATA EXTRACTION: Searches identified 3422 articles, of which 145 full texts were retrieved and 72 met inclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. DATA ANALYSIS: Purchase records were used in observational studies, policy evaluations, and experimental designs. Nutrition outcomes included dietary patterns, nutrients, and food category sales. Transactions were linked to nutrient data from retailers, commercial data sources, and national food composition databases. CONCLUSION: Electronic sales data have the potential to transform dietary assessment and worldwide understanding of dietary behavior. Validation studies are warranted to understand limits to agreement and extrapolation to individual-level diets. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018103470