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Novel insights into the biomarkers and therapies for primary central nervous system lymphoma

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare and highly aggressive extranodal type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. After the introduction and widespread use of high-dose-methotrexate (HD-MTX)-based polychemotherapy, treatment responses of PCNSL have been improved. However, long-term prognosis...

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Autores principales: Zhai, Yujia, Zhou, Xiangxiang, Wang, Xin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9087239/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35558005
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17588359221093745
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author Zhai, Yujia
Zhou, Xiangxiang
Wang, Xin
author_facet Zhai, Yujia
Zhou, Xiangxiang
Wang, Xin
author_sort Zhai, Yujia
collection PubMed
description Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare and highly aggressive extranodal type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. After the introduction and widespread use of high-dose-methotrexate (HD-MTX)-based polychemotherapy, treatment responses of PCNSL have been improved. However, long-term prognosis for patients who have failed first-line therapy and relapsed remains poor. Less invasive diagnostic markers, including the circulating tumor DNAs (ctDNAs), microRNAs, metabolomic markers, and other novel biomarkers, such as a proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) and B-cell activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF), have shown potential to distinguish PCNSL at an early stage, and some of them are related with prognosis to a certain extent. Recent insights into novel therapies, including Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, immune checkpoint inhibitors, PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, have revealed encouraging efficacy in treatment response, whereas the duration of response and long-term survival of patients with relapsed or refractory PCNSL (r/r PCNSL) need further improvement. In addition, the diagnostic efficiency of novel markers and the antitumor efficacy of novel therapies are needed to be assessed further in larger clinical trials. This review provides an overview of recent research on novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies for PCNSL.
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spelling pubmed-90872392022-05-11 Novel insights into the biomarkers and therapies for primary central nervous system lymphoma Zhai, Yujia Zhou, Xiangxiang Wang, Xin Ther Adv Med Oncol Review Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare and highly aggressive extranodal type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. After the introduction and widespread use of high-dose-methotrexate (HD-MTX)-based polychemotherapy, treatment responses of PCNSL have been improved. However, long-term prognosis for patients who have failed first-line therapy and relapsed remains poor. Less invasive diagnostic markers, including the circulating tumor DNAs (ctDNAs), microRNAs, metabolomic markers, and other novel biomarkers, such as a proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) and B-cell activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF), have shown potential to distinguish PCNSL at an early stage, and some of them are related with prognosis to a certain extent. Recent insights into novel therapies, including Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, immune checkpoint inhibitors, PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, have revealed encouraging efficacy in treatment response, whereas the duration of response and long-term survival of patients with relapsed or refractory PCNSL (r/r PCNSL) need further improvement. In addition, the diagnostic efficiency of novel markers and the antitumor efficacy of novel therapies are needed to be assessed further in larger clinical trials. This review provides an overview of recent research on novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies for PCNSL. SAGE Publications 2022-05-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9087239/ /pubmed/35558005 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17588359221093745 Text en © The Author(s), 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Review
Zhai, Yujia
Zhou, Xiangxiang
Wang, Xin
Novel insights into the biomarkers and therapies for primary central nervous system lymphoma
title Novel insights into the biomarkers and therapies for primary central nervous system lymphoma
title_full Novel insights into the biomarkers and therapies for primary central nervous system lymphoma
title_fullStr Novel insights into the biomarkers and therapies for primary central nervous system lymphoma
title_full_unstemmed Novel insights into the biomarkers and therapies for primary central nervous system lymphoma
title_short Novel insights into the biomarkers and therapies for primary central nervous system lymphoma
title_sort novel insights into the biomarkers and therapies for primary central nervous system lymphoma
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9087239/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35558005
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17588359221093745
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