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Human Gut Microbiome Across Different Lifestyles: From Hunter-Gatherers to Urban Populations

Human lifestyle and its relationship with the human microbiome has been a line of research widely studied. This is because, throughout human history, civilizations have experienced different environments and lifestyles that could have promoted changes in the human microbiome. The comparison between...

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Autores principales: Rosas-Plaza, Santiago, Hernández-Terán, Alejandra, Navarro-Díaz, Marcelo, Escalante, Ana E., Morales-Espinosa, Rosario, Cerritos, René
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9087276/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35558108
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.843170
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author Rosas-Plaza, Santiago
Hernández-Terán, Alejandra
Navarro-Díaz, Marcelo
Escalante, Ana E.
Morales-Espinosa, Rosario
Cerritos, René
author_facet Rosas-Plaza, Santiago
Hernández-Terán, Alejandra
Navarro-Díaz, Marcelo
Escalante, Ana E.
Morales-Espinosa, Rosario
Cerritos, René
author_sort Rosas-Plaza, Santiago
collection PubMed
description Human lifestyle and its relationship with the human microbiome has been a line of research widely studied. This is because, throughout human history, civilizations have experienced different environments and lifestyles that could have promoted changes in the human microbiome. The comparison between industrialized and non-industrialized human populations in several studies has allowed to observe variation in the microbiome structure due to the population lifestyle. Nevertheless, the lifestyle of human populations is a gradient where several subcategories can be described. Yet, it is not known how these different lifestyles of human populations affect the microbiome structure on a large scale. Therefore, the main goal of this work was the collection and comparison of 16S data from the gut microbiome of populations that have different lifestyles around the world. With the data obtained from 14 studies, it was possible to compare the gut microbiome of 568 individuals that represent populations of hunter-gatherers, agricultural, agropastoral, pastoral, and urban populations. Results showed that industrialized populations present less diversity than those from non-industrialized populations, as has been described before. However, by separating traditional populations into different categories, we were able to observe patterns that cannot be appreciated by encompassing the different traditional lifestyles in a single category. In this sense, we could confirm that different lifestyles exhibit distinct alpha and beta diversity. In particular, the gut microbiome of pastoral and agropastoral populations seems to be more similar to those of urban populations according to beta diversity analysis. Beyond that, beta diversity analyses revealed that bacterial composition reflects the different lifestyles, representing a transition from hunters-gatherers to industrialized populations. Also, we found that certain groups such as Bacteoidaceae, Lanchospiraceae, and Rickenellaceae have been favored in the transition to modern societies, being differentially abundant in urban populations. Thus, we could hypothesize that due to adaptive/ecological processes; multifunctional bacterial groups (e.g., Bacteroidaceae) could be replacing some functions lost in the transition to modern lifestyle.
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spelling pubmed-90872762022-05-11 Human Gut Microbiome Across Different Lifestyles: From Hunter-Gatherers to Urban Populations Rosas-Plaza, Santiago Hernández-Terán, Alejandra Navarro-Díaz, Marcelo Escalante, Ana E. Morales-Espinosa, Rosario Cerritos, René Front Microbiol Microbiology Human lifestyle and its relationship with the human microbiome has been a line of research widely studied. This is because, throughout human history, civilizations have experienced different environments and lifestyles that could have promoted changes in the human microbiome. The comparison between industrialized and non-industrialized human populations in several studies has allowed to observe variation in the microbiome structure due to the population lifestyle. Nevertheless, the lifestyle of human populations is a gradient where several subcategories can be described. Yet, it is not known how these different lifestyles of human populations affect the microbiome structure on a large scale. Therefore, the main goal of this work was the collection and comparison of 16S data from the gut microbiome of populations that have different lifestyles around the world. With the data obtained from 14 studies, it was possible to compare the gut microbiome of 568 individuals that represent populations of hunter-gatherers, agricultural, agropastoral, pastoral, and urban populations. Results showed that industrialized populations present less diversity than those from non-industrialized populations, as has been described before. However, by separating traditional populations into different categories, we were able to observe patterns that cannot be appreciated by encompassing the different traditional lifestyles in a single category. In this sense, we could confirm that different lifestyles exhibit distinct alpha and beta diversity. In particular, the gut microbiome of pastoral and agropastoral populations seems to be more similar to those of urban populations according to beta diversity analysis. Beyond that, beta diversity analyses revealed that bacterial composition reflects the different lifestyles, representing a transition from hunters-gatherers to industrialized populations. Also, we found that certain groups such as Bacteoidaceae, Lanchospiraceae, and Rickenellaceae have been favored in the transition to modern societies, being differentially abundant in urban populations. Thus, we could hypothesize that due to adaptive/ecological processes; multifunctional bacterial groups (e.g., Bacteroidaceae) could be replacing some functions lost in the transition to modern lifestyle. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9087276/ /pubmed/35558108 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.843170 Text en Copyright © 2022 Rosas-Plaza, Hernández-Terán, Navarro-Díaz, Escalante, Morales-Espinosa and Cerritos. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Rosas-Plaza, Santiago
Hernández-Terán, Alejandra
Navarro-Díaz, Marcelo
Escalante, Ana E.
Morales-Espinosa, Rosario
Cerritos, René
Human Gut Microbiome Across Different Lifestyles: From Hunter-Gatherers to Urban Populations
title Human Gut Microbiome Across Different Lifestyles: From Hunter-Gatherers to Urban Populations
title_full Human Gut Microbiome Across Different Lifestyles: From Hunter-Gatherers to Urban Populations
title_fullStr Human Gut Microbiome Across Different Lifestyles: From Hunter-Gatherers to Urban Populations
title_full_unstemmed Human Gut Microbiome Across Different Lifestyles: From Hunter-Gatherers to Urban Populations
title_short Human Gut Microbiome Across Different Lifestyles: From Hunter-Gatherers to Urban Populations
title_sort human gut microbiome across different lifestyles: from hunter-gatherers to urban populations
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9087276/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35558108
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.843170
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