Cargando…

Vaccination With a Gamma Irradiation-Inactivated African Swine Fever Virus Is Safe But Does Not Protect Against a Challenge

African swine fever (ASF) is among the most devastating viral diseases of pigs and wild boar worldwide. In recent years, the disease has spread alarmingly. Despite intensive research activities, a commercialized vaccine is still not available, and efficacious live attenuated vaccine candidates raise...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Pikalo, Jutta, Porfiri, Luca, Akimkin, Valerij, Roszyk, Hanna, Pannhorst, Katrin, Kangethe, Richard Thiga, Wijewardana, Viskam, Sehl-Ewert, Julia, Beer, Martin, Cattoli, Giovanni, Blome, Sandra
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9088005/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35558083
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.832264
_version_ 1784704277757820928
author Pikalo, Jutta
Porfiri, Luca
Akimkin, Valerij
Roszyk, Hanna
Pannhorst, Katrin
Kangethe, Richard Thiga
Wijewardana, Viskam
Sehl-Ewert, Julia
Beer, Martin
Cattoli, Giovanni
Blome, Sandra
author_facet Pikalo, Jutta
Porfiri, Luca
Akimkin, Valerij
Roszyk, Hanna
Pannhorst, Katrin
Kangethe, Richard Thiga
Wijewardana, Viskam
Sehl-Ewert, Julia
Beer, Martin
Cattoli, Giovanni
Blome, Sandra
author_sort Pikalo, Jutta
collection PubMed
description African swine fever (ASF) is among the most devastating viral diseases of pigs and wild boar worldwide. In recent years, the disease has spread alarmingly. Despite intensive research activities, a commercialized vaccine is still not available, and efficacious live attenuated vaccine candidates raise safety concerns. From a safety perspective, inactivated preparations would be most favourable. However, both historical and more recent trials with chemical inactivation did not show an appreciable protective effect. Under the assumption that the integrity of viral particles could enhance presentation of antigens, we used gamma irradiation for inactivation. To this means, gamma irradiated ASFV “Estonia 2014” was adjuvanted with either Polygen™ or Montanide™ ISA 201 VG, respectively. Subsequently, five weaner pigs per preparation were immunized twice with a three-week interval. Six weeks after the first immunization, all animals were challenged with the highly virulent ASFV strain “Armenia 2008”. Although ASFV p72-specific IgG antibodies were detectable in all vaccinated animals prior challenge, no protection could be observed. All animals developed an acute lethal course of ASF and had to be euthanized at a moderate humane endpoint within six days. Indeed, the vaccinated pigs showed even higher clinical scores and a higher inner body temperature than the control group. However, significantly lower viral loads were detectable in spleen and liver of immunized animals at the time point of euthanasia. This phenomenon suggests an immune mediated disease enhancement that needs further investigation.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9088005
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-90880052022-05-11 Vaccination With a Gamma Irradiation-Inactivated African Swine Fever Virus Is Safe But Does Not Protect Against a Challenge Pikalo, Jutta Porfiri, Luca Akimkin, Valerij Roszyk, Hanna Pannhorst, Katrin Kangethe, Richard Thiga Wijewardana, Viskam Sehl-Ewert, Julia Beer, Martin Cattoli, Giovanni Blome, Sandra Front Immunol Immunology African swine fever (ASF) is among the most devastating viral diseases of pigs and wild boar worldwide. In recent years, the disease has spread alarmingly. Despite intensive research activities, a commercialized vaccine is still not available, and efficacious live attenuated vaccine candidates raise safety concerns. From a safety perspective, inactivated preparations would be most favourable. However, both historical and more recent trials with chemical inactivation did not show an appreciable protective effect. Under the assumption that the integrity of viral particles could enhance presentation of antigens, we used gamma irradiation for inactivation. To this means, gamma irradiated ASFV “Estonia 2014” was adjuvanted with either Polygen™ or Montanide™ ISA 201 VG, respectively. Subsequently, five weaner pigs per preparation were immunized twice with a three-week interval. Six weeks after the first immunization, all animals were challenged with the highly virulent ASFV strain “Armenia 2008”. Although ASFV p72-specific IgG antibodies were detectable in all vaccinated animals prior challenge, no protection could be observed. All animals developed an acute lethal course of ASF and had to be euthanized at a moderate humane endpoint within six days. Indeed, the vaccinated pigs showed even higher clinical scores and a higher inner body temperature than the control group. However, significantly lower viral loads were detectable in spleen and liver of immunized animals at the time point of euthanasia. This phenomenon suggests an immune mediated disease enhancement that needs further investigation. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9088005/ /pubmed/35558083 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.832264 Text en Copyright © 2022 Pikalo, Porfiri, Akimkin, Roszyk, Pannhorst, Kangethe, Wijewardana, Sehl-Ewert, Beer, Cattoli and Blome https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Pikalo, Jutta
Porfiri, Luca
Akimkin, Valerij
Roszyk, Hanna
Pannhorst, Katrin
Kangethe, Richard Thiga
Wijewardana, Viskam
Sehl-Ewert, Julia
Beer, Martin
Cattoli, Giovanni
Blome, Sandra
Vaccination With a Gamma Irradiation-Inactivated African Swine Fever Virus Is Safe But Does Not Protect Against a Challenge
title Vaccination With a Gamma Irradiation-Inactivated African Swine Fever Virus Is Safe But Does Not Protect Against a Challenge
title_full Vaccination With a Gamma Irradiation-Inactivated African Swine Fever Virus Is Safe But Does Not Protect Against a Challenge
title_fullStr Vaccination With a Gamma Irradiation-Inactivated African Swine Fever Virus Is Safe But Does Not Protect Against a Challenge
title_full_unstemmed Vaccination With a Gamma Irradiation-Inactivated African Swine Fever Virus Is Safe But Does Not Protect Against a Challenge
title_short Vaccination With a Gamma Irradiation-Inactivated African Swine Fever Virus Is Safe But Does Not Protect Against a Challenge
title_sort vaccination with a gamma irradiation-inactivated african swine fever virus is safe but does not protect against a challenge
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9088005/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35558083
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.832264
work_keys_str_mv AT pikalojutta vaccinationwithagammairradiationinactivatedafricanswinefevervirusissafebutdoesnotprotectagainstachallenge
AT porfiriluca vaccinationwithagammairradiationinactivatedafricanswinefevervirusissafebutdoesnotprotectagainstachallenge
AT akimkinvalerij vaccinationwithagammairradiationinactivatedafricanswinefevervirusissafebutdoesnotprotectagainstachallenge
AT roszykhanna vaccinationwithagammairradiationinactivatedafricanswinefevervirusissafebutdoesnotprotectagainstachallenge
AT pannhorstkatrin vaccinationwithagammairradiationinactivatedafricanswinefevervirusissafebutdoesnotprotectagainstachallenge
AT kangetherichardthiga vaccinationwithagammairradiationinactivatedafricanswinefevervirusissafebutdoesnotprotectagainstachallenge
AT wijewardanaviskam vaccinationwithagammairradiationinactivatedafricanswinefevervirusissafebutdoesnotprotectagainstachallenge
AT sehlewertjulia vaccinationwithagammairradiationinactivatedafricanswinefevervirusissafebutdoesnotprotectagainstachallenge
AT beermartin vaccinationwithagammairradiationinactivatedafricanswinefevervirusissafebutdoesnotprotectagainstachallenge
AT cattoligiovanni vaccinationwithagammairradiationinactivatedafricanswinefevervirusissafebutdoesnotprotectagainstachallenge
AT blomesandra vaccinationwithagammairradiationinactivatedafricanswinefevervirusissafebutdoesnotprotectagainstachallenge