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Long term detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in Bahrain
Wastewater-based epidemiology is a corroborated environmental surveillance tool in the global fight against SARS-CoV-2. The analysis of wastewater for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA may assist policymakers to survey a specific infectious community. Herein, we report on a long-term quantification study...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Published by Elsevier B.V.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9088096/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37520797 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hazadv.2022.100082 |
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author | Herrera-Uribe, J Naylor, P Rajab, E Mathews, B Coskuner, Gulnur Jassim, Majeed S. Al-Qahtani, M Stevenson, NJ |
author_facet | Herrera-Uribe, J Naylor, P Rajab, E Mathews, B Coskuner, Gulnur Jassim, Majeed S. Al-Qahtani, M Stevenson, NJ |
author_sort | Herrera-Uribe, J |
collection | PubMed |
description | Wastewater-based epidemiology is a corroborated environmental surveillance tool in the global fight against SARS-CoV-2. The analysis of wastewater for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA may assist policymakers to survey a specific infectious community. Herein, we report on a long-term quantification study in Bahrain to investigate the incidence of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater during the COVID-19 pandemic. The ∼260,000 population of Muharraq Island in Bahrain is served by a discrete sewerage catchment, and all wastewater flows to a single large Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) with a capacity of 100,000 m(3)/day. The catchment is predominately domestic, but also serves several hospitals and Bahrain's international airport. Flow-weighted 24-h composite wastewater samples for the period February 2020 to October 2021 were analyzed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 N1, N2 and E genes. A Spearman rank correlation demonstrated a moderate correlation between the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 N1, N2 and E genes in the wastewater samples and the number of COVID-19 cases reported on the same day of the sampling. SARS-CoV-2 viral genes were detected in wastewater samples shortly after the first cases of COVID-19 were reported by the health authorities in Bahrain by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The viral genes were detected in 55 of 65 samples (84.62%) during the whole study period and the concentration range was found to be between 0 and 11,508 RNA copies/mL across the viral genes tested (in average N1: 518.4, N2: 366.8 and E: 649.3 copies/mL). Furthermore, wastewater samples from two COVID-19-dedicated quarantine facilities were analysed and detected higher SARS-CoV-2 gene concentrations (range 27-19,105 copies/mL; in average N1: 5044, N2: 4833 and E: 8663 copies/mL). Our results highlight the potential use of RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection and quantification in wastewater and present the moderate correlation between concentration of SARS-CoV-2 genes with reported COVID-19 cases for a specified population. Indeed, this study identifies this technique as a mechanism for long term monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 infection levels and hence provides public health and policymakers with a useful environmental surveillance tool during and after the current pandemic. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9088096 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Published by Elsevier B.V. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-90880962022-05-10 Long term detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in Bahrain Herrera-Uribe, J Naylor, P Rajab, E Mathews, B Coskuner, Gulnur Jassim, Majeed S. Al-Qahtani, M Stevenson, NJ Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances Article Wastewater-based epidemiology is a corroborated environmental surveillance tool in the global fight against SARS-CoV-2. The analysis of wastewater for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA may assist policymakers to survey a specific infectious community. Herein, we report on a long-term quantification study in Bahrain to investigate the incidence of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater during the COVID-19 pandemic. The ∼260,000 population of Muharraq Island in Bahrain is served by a discrete sewerage catchment, and all wastewater flows to a single large Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) with a capacity of 100,000 m(3)/day. The catchment is predominately domestic, but also serves several hospitals and Bahrain's international airport. Flow-weighted 24-h composite wastewater samples for the period February 2020 to October 2021 were analyzed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 N1, N2 and E genes. A Spearman rank correlation demonstrated a moderate correlation between the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 N1, N2 and E genes in the wastewater samples and the number of COVID-19 cases reported on the same day of the sampling. SARS-CoV-2 viral genes were detected in wastewater samples shortly after the first cases of COVID-19 were reported by the health authorities in Bahrain by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The viral genes were detected in 55 of 65 samples (84.62%) during the whole study period and the concentration range was found to be between 0 and 11,508 RNA copies/mL across the viral genes tested (in average N1: 518.4, N2: 366.8 and E: 649.3 copies/mL). Furthermore, wastewater samples from two COVID-19-dedicated quarantine facilities were analysed and detected higher SARS-CoV-2 gene concentrations (range 27-19,105 copies/mL; in average N1: 5044, N2: 4833 and E: 8663 copies/mL). Our results highlight the potential use of RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection and quantification in wastewater and present the moderate correlation between concentration of SARS-CoV-2 genes with reported COVID-19 cases for a specified population. Indeed, this study identifies this technique as a mechanism for long term monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 infection levels and hence provides public health and policymakers with a useful environmental surveillance tool during and after the current pandemic. Published by Elsevier B.V. 2022-08 2022-05-10 /pmc/articles/PMC9088096/ /pubmed/37520797 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hazadv.2022.100082 Text en © 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Herrera-Uribe, J Naylor, P Rajab, E Mathews, B Coskuner, Gulnur Jassim, Majeed S. Al-Qahtani, M Stevenson, NJ Long term detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in Bahrain |
title | Long term detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in Bahrain |
title_full | Long term detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in Bahrain |
title_fullStr | Long term detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in Bahrain |
title_full_unstemmed | Long term detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in Bahrain |
title_short | Long term detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in Bahrain |
title_sort | long term detection and quantification of sars-cov-2 rna in wastewater in bahrain |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9088096/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37520797 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hazadv.2022.100082 |
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